1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

other: EU Risk Assessment

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

other: EU Risk Assessment

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: no reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the EU RAR

Principles of method if other than guideline:

EU Risk Assessment

GLP compliance:

not specified

EU Risk Assessment (2003):

 

Reported NOEC range between 0.064 mg/l (US EPA, 1988) and 0,36 mg/l (Richter et al., 1983). Values for EC₅₀ range between 0,.6 mg/l (Hermens et al., 1984) and 0.45 mg/l (Calamari et al., 1983).

 

The daphnia test by Calamari et al. (1983) was performed under semi-static conditions (test medium changed every other day), in a closed system and the measured concentration did not deviate more than 15% from the initial concentration.

 

In a study by Hermens et al. (1984) on the sublethal toxicity to Daphnia magna, the 16-day LC₅₀ on mortality was 0.56 mg/l and the EC₅₀ on reproduction was 0.27 mg/l (reported asµmol/l inthe reference). In an identical 16-day experiment, measurements of the test concentrations are stated to average 58% of nominal (Hermens et al., 1985) and the 16-day EC₅₀ was 0.52 mg/l.The results are not corrected for the measured concentrations. Assuming the average concentration was the same in the two experiments, the 16 -day LC₅₀ was 0.32 mg/l, EC₅₀ 0.16 mg/l and the NOEC on mortality and reproduction 0.19 mg/l and 0.06 mg/l, respectively. The corrected values are reported in the table above.

Executive summary:

 

EU Risk Assessment, 2003:

 

Reported NOEC range between 0.064 mg/l (US EPA, 1988) and 0,36 mg/l (Richter et al., 1983). Values for EC₅₀ range between 0.6 mg/l (Hermens et al., 1984) and 0.45 mg/l (Calamari et al., 1983).

The daphnia test by Calamari et al. (1983) was performed under semi-static conditions (test medium changed every other day), in a closed system and the measured concentration did not deviate more than 15% from the initial concentration.

In a study by Hermens et al. (1984) on the sublethal toxicity to Daphnia magna, the 16-day LC₅₀ on mortality was 0.56 mg/l and the EC₅₀ on reproduction was 0.27 mg/l (reported asµmol/l inthe reference). In an identical 16-day experiment, measurements of the test concentrations are stated to average 58% of nominal (Hermens et al., 1985) and the 16-day EC₅₀ was 0.52 mg/l.The results are not corrected for the measured concentrations. Assuming the average concentration was the same in the two experiments, the 16 -day LC₅₀ was 0.32 mg/l, EC₅₀ 0.16 mg/l and the NOEC on mortality and reproduction 0.19 mg/l and 0.06 mg/l, respectively. 

Reference 2

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

other: BUA report

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

other: BUA report

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: no reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the BUA report

Principles of method if other than guideline:

BUA report

GLP compliance:

not specified

BUA report (1987):

 

The most critical reported NOEC for Daphnia is 0.1 mg/l for the extended life cycle test (Hermens et al., 1984).

Executive summary:

BUA report, 1987

 

The most critical reported NOEC for Daphnia is 0.1 mg/l for the extended life cycle test (Hermens et al., 1984).

Reference 3

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

documentation insufficient for assessment

Remarks:

Original reference not available.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)

Version / remarks:

Cited as OECD Guide-line 202, part 2 (Daphnia sp., Reproduction Test)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

3.4 mg/L

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Executive summary:

Yoshioka, 1993

In a reproduction test conducted OECD Guideline 211 and OECD Guideline 202, part 2 with Daphnia magna, a 21 d-NOEC of 0.7 mg/L was determined.  

Reference 4

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Study period:

1995

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

documentation insufficient for assessment

Remarks:

GLP-Guideline study, only results are published, study report not available.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.1 - 0.32 mg/L

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.1 mg/L

Executive summary:

NITE Japan, 2009

In a reproduction test, with Daphnia magna a 21 d NOEC of 0.1 mg/L and a 21 d EC50 of 0.1 - 0.32 mg/L were determined.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

documentation insufficient for assessment

Remarks:

Original reference not available.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.36 - 0.6 mg/L

Executive summary:

Ahmad, 1984:

In a reproduction test  with Daphnia magna, a 28 E₅₀ of 0.36-0.6 mg/L was determined.  

Description of key information

For transported isolated intermediates according to REACh, Article 18, this endpoint is not a data requirement. However, data is available for this endpoint and is thus reported under the guidance of "all available data".

 

Generally, following NOEC values have been reported for the long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

NOEC: 0.064 - 0.7 mg/L

 

BUA report, 1987:
The most critical reported NOEC for Daphnia is 0.1 mg/l for the extended life cycle test (Hermens et al., 1984).

EU Risk Assessment, 2003:
Reported NOEC range between 0.064 mg/l (US EPA, 1988) and 0.36 mg/l (Richter et al., 1983). Values for EC50 range between 0.6 mg/l (Hermens et al., 1984) and 0.45 mg/l (Calamari et al., 1983).
The daphnia test by Calamari et al. (1983) was performed under semi-static conditions (test medium changed every other day), in a closed system and the measured concentration did not deviate more than 15% from the initial concentration.
In a study by Hermens et al. (1984) on the sublethal toxicity to Daphnia magna, the 16-day LC50 on mortality was 0.56 mg/l and the EC50 on reproduction was 0.27 mg/l (reported asµmol/l inthe reference).

In an identical 16-day experiment, measurements of the test concentrations are stated to average 58% of nominal (Hermens et al., 1985) and the 16-day EC50 was 0.52 mg/l.The results are not corrected for the measured concentrations. Assuming the average concentration was the same in the two experiments, the 16 -day LC50 was 0.32 mg/l, EC50 0.16 mg/l and the NOEC on mortality and reproduction 0.19 mg/l and 0.06 mg/l, respectively.

Yoshioka, 1993:
In a reproduction test conducted OECD Guideline 211 and OECD Guideline 202, part 2 with Daphnia magna, a 21 d-NOEC of 0.7 mg/L was determined.

Ahmad, 1984:
In a reproduction test with Daphnia magna, a 28 E50 of 0.36-0.6 mg/L was determined.

NITE Japan, 2009
In a reproduction test, with Daphnia magna a 21 d NOEC of 0.1 mg/L and a 21 d EC50 of 0.1 - 0.32 mg/L were determined.