1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

Long-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish, other

Type of information:

other: EU Risk Assessment

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

other: EU Risk Assessment

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: no reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the EU RAR

Principles of method if other than guideline:

EU Risk Assessment

GLP compliance:

not specified

EU Risk Assessment (2003):

 

Long-term studies on fish are all based on measured concentrations. The reported values for NOEC are close together. They range between 0.04 mg/l (Broecker et al., 1984) and 0.50 mg/l (Carlson and Kosian, 1987). All in EU RAR cited studies are considered to be valid.

 

The study on Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) was performed according to a UBA guideline

(1982) in a dynamic system. The fish were 4 to 7 months old. The aquarium contained 36 l and the flow was 1.2 l/h. The concentrations were measured. LOEC was 0.18 mg/l (20% mortality and several behavioural abnormalities) (Broecker et al., 1984).

 

Suter and Rosen (1988) report the chronic MATC value to the marine fish Cyprinodon variegatus to be 0.222 mg/l. NOEC is estimated to be approximately half this value.

 

The lowest NOEC in long-term studies was 0.04 mg/l (mortality and behaviour, Zebra fish).

Executive summary:

EU Risk Assessment, 2003:

 

Long-term studies on fish are all based on measured concentrations. The reported values for NOEC are close together. They range between 0.04 mg/l (Broecker et al., 1984) and 0.50 mg/l (Carlson and Kosian, 1987). All in EU RAR cited studies are considered to be valid.

The study on Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) was performed according to a UBA guideline (1982) in a dynamic system. The fish were 4 to 7 months old. The aquarium contained 36 l and the flow was 1.2 l/h. The concentrations were measured. LOEC was 0.18 mg/l (20% mortality and several behavioural abnormalities) (Broecker et al., 1984).

Suter and Rosen (1988) report the chronic MATC value to the marine fish Cyprinodon variegatus to be 0.222 mg/l. NOEC is estimated to be approximately half this value.

The lowest NOEC in long-term studies was 0.04 mg/l (mortality and behaviour, Zebra fish).

Reference 2

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish, other

Type of information:

other: BUA report

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

other: BUA report

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: no reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the BUA report

Principles of method if other than guideline:

BUA report

GLP compliance:

not specified

BUA report (1987):

 

Extended fish tests (14 d) gave an NOEC of 0.04 mg/l (Broecker et al., 1984).

The BUA report doesn't state NOEC values for other above cited studies.

Executive summary:

BUA report, 1987:

 

Extended fish tests (14 d) gave an NOEC of 0.04 mg/l (Broecker et al., 1984).

The BUA report doesn't state NOEC values for other above cited studies.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish, other

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Original reference not available.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Jordanella floridae

Executive summary:

Smith, 1991:

egg hatchability:      1.43 mg/L
10d larval survival:   1.13 mg/L
lowest chronic level:  1.13 mg/L
dilution water: dechlorinated Lake Superior water 25 +/- 2 °C

Reference 4

Endpoint:

fish early-life stage toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Study period:

1995

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

abstract

Remarks:

GLP-Guideline study, only results are published, study report not available

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 204 (Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-day Study)

Deviations:

not specified

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 210 (Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Oryzias latipes

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1.6 mg/L

Remarks on result:

other: OECD TG 204

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1.5 mg/L

Remarks on result:

other: OECD TG 210

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.26 mg/L

Remarks on result:

other: OECD TG 210

Executive summary:

NITE,1995:

The toxicity of 1,2,4-TCB to Oryzias latipes in fresh water was investigated according to OECD guideline 204 and 210:

14 d; LC₅₀ = 1.6 mg/L (OECD 204)

21 d; LC₅₀ = 1.5 mg/L (OECD 210)

21 d; NOEC = 0.26 mg/L (OECD 210)

 

Reference 5

Endpoint:

adult fish: sub(lethal) effects

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Study period:

1984

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP-Guideline study. Test procedure according to national standards.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Prüfrichtlinie I 4.5 - 97125-2/6, Umweltbundesamt, 06.05.1982

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.04 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

other: LC20

Effect conc.:

0.18 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

other: LC20

Effect conc.:

0.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

other: LC100

Effect conc.:

1.9 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

- depending up on test concentration fishes showed behaviour modifications

- some of them were: swimming on water surface and bottom of tank, accelerated respiration, trembling, apathy 

Executive summary:

Markert, 1984:

The toxicity of 1,2,4-TBC to Danio rerio (Brachydanio rerio) was investigated in a 21 d study according to test guideline 4.5 - 97125-2/6, Federal Environmental Agency, 06.05.1982. The 21d-NOEC value was determined to be 0.04 mg/L.

 

Reference 6

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish, other

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Original reference not available.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Duration:

8 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1.8 mg/L

Executive summary:

Hall, 1984:

The toxicity of 1,2,4-TCB to Pimephales promelas was investigated in an 8-day study. The LC50 value was determined as 1.8 mg/L and analytically monitored by GC.

Reference 7

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish, other

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Original reference not available.

GLP compliance:

no

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Duration:

32 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.29 mg/L

Executive summary:

Atri, 1986:

The toxicity of 1,2,4-TCB to Pimephales promelas was investigated in an 32-day study. The NOEC value was determined as 0.29 mg/L. 

Reference 8

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish, other

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Original reference not available.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Duration:

32 d

Dose descriptor:

other: EC0

Effect conc.:

0.5 - 1 mg/L

Executive summary:

Ahmad, 1984:

The toxicity of 1,2,4-TCB to Pimephales promelas was investigated in an 32-day study. The LC₀ value was determined as 0.5 mg/L and analytically monitored by GC.

Description of key information

For transported isolated intermediates according to REACh, Article 18, this endpoint is not a data requirement. However, data is available for this endpoint and is thus reported under the guidance of "all available data".

 

Generally, following values have been reported for the long-term toxicity to fish:

NOEC: 0.04 - 0.5 mg/L

LOEC: 0.18 mg/L 

The values were obtained with respect to different guidelines and exposure times.

 

EU Risk Assessment, 2003:
Long-term studies on fish are all based on measured concentrations. The reported values for NOEC are close together. They range between 0.04 mg/l (Broecker et al., 1984) and 0.50 mg/l (Carlson and Kosian, 1987). All in EU RAR cited studies are considered to be valid.
The study on Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) was performed according to a UBA guideline (1982) in a dynamic system. The fish were 4 to 7 months old. The aquarium contained 36 l and the flow was 1.2 l/h. The concentrations were measured. LOEC was 0.18 mg/l (20% mortality and several behavioural abnormalities) (Broecker et al., 1984).
Suter and Rosen (1988) report the chronic MATC value to the marine fish Cyprinodon variegatus to be 0.222 mg/l. NOEC is estimated to be approximately half this value. The lowest NOEC in long-term studies was 0.04 mg/l (mortality and behaviour, Zebra fish).

BUA report, 1987:
Extended fish tests (14 d) gave an NOEC of 0.04 mg/l (Broecker et al., 1984).
The BUA report doesn't state NOEC values for other above cited studies.

Smith, 1991:
egg hatchability: 1430 µg/l
10d larval survival: 1130 µg/l
lowest chronic level: 1130 µg/l
dilution water: dechlorinated Lake Superior water 25 +/- 2 °C

Hall, 1984:
The toxicity of 1,2,4-TCB to Pimephales promelas was investigated in an 8-day study. The LC50 value was determined as 1.8 mg/L and analytically monitored by GC.

Atri, 1986:
The toxicity of 1,2,4-TCB to Pimephales promelas was investigated in an 32-day study. The NOEC value was determined as 0.29 mg/L.

Ahmad, 1984:
The toxicity of 1,2,4-TCB to Pimephales promelas was investigated in an 32-day study. The LC0 value was determined as 0.5 mg/L and analytically monitored by GC.

NITE,1995:
The toxicity of 1,2,4-TCB to Oryzias latipes in fresh water was investigated according to OECD guideline 204 and 210:
14 d; LC50 = 1.6 mg/L (OECD 204)
21 d; LC50 = 1.5 mg/L (OECD 210)
21 d; NOEC = 0.26 mg/L (OECD 210)

Markert, 1984:
The toxicity of 1,2,4-TBC to Danio rerio (Brachydanio rerio) was investigated in a 21 d study according to test guideline 4.5 - 97125-2/6, Federal Environmental Agency, 06.05.1982. The 21d-NOEC value was determined to be 0.04 mg/L.