Chlorobenzene

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Structural specificity of aromatic compounds with special reference to mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium-a series of chloro- or fluoro-nitrobenzene derivatives.

Author:

Shimizu M, Yasui Y & Matsumoto N

Year:

1983

Bibliographic source:

Mutat. Res. 116:217 - 238

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Rats were injected with PCB instead of Aroclor 1254. The S. thyphimurium strains, TA98, TA1538, TA1537, TA100 and TA 1535 were used instead of TA1535, TA1537 (or TA97a or TA97), TA98, and TA100 , and E.coli WP2 strains or S. typhimurium TA102.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Chlorobenzene

EC Number:

203-628-5

EC Name:

Chlorobenzene

Cas Number:

108-90-7

Molecular formula:

C6H5Cl

IUPAC Name:

chlorobenzene

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): chlorobenzene
- Analytical purity: purity 98 %

Method

Target gene:

His+ revertants/plate

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

other: Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not specified

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9 mix of rat liver pretreated with PCB

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32, 0.64 or 1.28 ul/plate in DMSO

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

0.05 ml of DMSO

True negative controls:

not specified

Remarks:

not examined

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: N-Ethyl-N´nitro-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG), 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF), 9 aminoacridine (9-AA) and 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA) (S9 mix added only).

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)


DURATION
- Preincubation period: 15 minutes
- Exposure duration: 3 days


SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): his+


NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: All tests were performed in duplicated and repeated at least 3 times separately.


NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 3-6 X10000000

Evaluation criteria:

First, the tests were carried out without metabolic activation and were terminated if mutagenicity was observed. But if the results were negative, tests with metabolic activation were carried out additionally.

Statistics:

no data

Results and discussion

Test results

Species / strain:

other: TA98, TA1538, TA1537, TA 100, TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

At 1.28 ul/plate of chlorobenzene toxic effect are observed.

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

other: strain/cell type: TA98, TA1538, TA1537, TA 100, TA 1535

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

Executive summary:

Shimuzu et al., 1983.

The mutagenicity of chlorobenzene in Salmonella typhimurium (strains TA98, TA 1538, TA 1537, TA 100 and TA 1535) was examinated according to OECD TG 471 in the presence and in the absence of a metabolic activation system. 3 strains, TA98, TA 1538, and TA 1537, were used for detection of mutagens that cause frameshift mutations. TA 100 and TA 1535 were used for detection of mutagens causing base-pair mutations. Chlorobenzene was tested at the following concentrations 0.02 µl to 1.28 µl per plate. Solvent control served as negative control and positive controls are available. Cytotoxicity determined was observed at 1.28 µL/plate of chlorobenzene.

In this study chlorobenzene have been reported to be non-mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium.