Chlorobenzene

Phototransformation in water

Administrative data

Endpoint:

phototransformation in water

Type of information:

other: BUA Report

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

other: BUA Report

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: BUA Report

Cross-reference

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

other: BUA Report

Title:

Chlorobenzene, BUA Report 54 (November 1990)

Author:

GDCh, BUA

Year:

1990

Bibliographic source:

S. Hirzel, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart

Reference 2

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Products and quantum yields for photolysis of chloroaromatics in water

Author:

Dulin D, Drossman H, Mill T

Year:

1986

Bibliographic source:

Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 72-77

Reference 3

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Photochimie et environnement - V. Photohydrolyse du monochlorobenzène en solution aqueuse diluée

Author:

Tissot A, Boule P, Lemaire J

Year:

1983

Bibliographic source:

Chemosphere 12, 859-872

Reference 4

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Spectral solar photon irridance in Central Europe and the adjacent North Sea

Author:

Frank R, Klöpffer W

Year:

1988

Bibliographic source:

Chemosphere 17, 985-994

Reference 5

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Specific phototransformation of xenobiotic compounds: Chlorobenzenes and halophenols

Author:

Boule P, Guyon C, Tissot A, Lemaire J

Year:

1987

Bibliographic source:

ACS Symp. Ser. 327 (Photochem. Environ. Aquat. Syst.), 10-26

Reference 6

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

The N,N-dimethylaniline-photosensitized dechlorination of chlorobenzenes

Author:

Chesta CA, Cosa JJ, Previtali CM

Year:

1986

Bibliographic source:

Journal of Photochemistry 32, 203-215

Reference 7

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Photoinducedelectron transfer from N,N-dimethylaniline to chlorobenzene: The decomposition rate constant of the radical anion of chlorobenzene

Author:

Chesta CA, Cosa JJ, Previtali CM

Year:

1988

Bibliographic source:

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry 45, 9-15

Reference 8

Reference Type:

other: Report for the U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1979

Reference 9

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Improvement of the photostability of selected substances in aqueous medium

Author:

Mansour M, Feicht E, Méallier P

Year:

1989

Bibliographic source:

Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 20 - 21, 139-147

Reference 10

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Sunlight photodegradation of haloaromatic polutants catalyzed by semiconductor particulate materials

Author:

Pelizzetti E, Barbeni M, Pramauro E, Serpone N, Borgarello E, Jamieson MA, Hidaka H

Year:

1985

Bibliographic source:

La chimica e l'industria 67, 623-625

Materials and methods

Study type:

other: BUA report

Principles of method if other than guideline:

BUA report

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Chlorobenzene

EC Number:

203-628-5

EC Name:

Chlorobenzene

Cas Number:

108-90-7

Molecular formula:

C6H5Cl

IUPAC Name:

chlorobenzene

Test material form:

liquid

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): chlorobenzene
- Analytical purity: No data

Results and discussion

Details on results:

BUA report

Any other information on results incl. tables

BUA Report (1990):

Direct photolysis of chlorobenzene in water leads to phenol (cited quantum yields of this reaction: 0.37 in polychromatic UV light; 0.1 and 0.19 in monochromatic light).

Owing to the extreme weak light absorption of chlorobenzene in the solar spectrum, computer calculations showed that a direct photolysis of chlorobenzene in water is not to be expected under environmental conditions. The calculated half-life (40° latitude) was 170 years, under Central European climatic conditions even longer half-lives (up to a factor of 8) were expected.

Studies are available on sensitized photolysis (e.g. acteone in water), under environmental conditions a sensitized photolysis is only possible under special conditions (i.e. high concentrations of sensitizing substances in the water). Photolysis in water can also be accelerated by indirect photolytic mechanisms (e.g. influence of humic acids). Studies of photolysis in natural water show an accelerated rate of direct photolysis as compared with experiments in pure water. Quantitative statements with regard to the photolysis of chlorobenzene under environmental conditions cannot be derived with certanity from the studies cited in the report.

The reactivity of chlorobenzene with OH-radicals in water is shown by the relatively rapid photolysis when chlorobenzene is illuminated in the presence of titanium dioxide , a semiconductor which forms OH radicals under illumination in the presence of water. The cited studies in the report do not allow quantitative statements on the indirect photolysis of chlorobenzene in water under environmental conditions. This also applies to studies describing hydrogen peroxide as OH source. Due to very low concentrations of OH radicals in water and a relatively high stability under environmental conditions these investigations were seen more suitable for a specific sewage treatment than for an evaluation of the substance's environmental behaviour.