Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: QSAR

Principles of method if other than guideline:

EPI Suite v 4.1/ECOSARv1.00

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

not applicable. QSAR model

Analytical monitoring:

not required

Vehicle:

no

Species:

other: Terrestrial plants,QSAR model

Plant group:

other: QSAR model

Details on test organisms:

no further information

Test type:

other: QSAR

Study type:

other: QSAR

Substrate type:

other: QSAR

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

30 d

Test temperature:

not applicable. QSAR model

pH:

not applicable. QSAR model

Moisture:

not applicable. QSAR model

Details on test conditions:

100% Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, sodium salt
SMILES : O([Na])S(=O)(=O)c1ccc(cc1)CCCCCCCCCCCC
CHEM : Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, sodium salt
CAS Num: 25155-30-0
MOL FOR: C18 H29 O3 S1 Na1
MOL WT : 348.48
Log Kow: 3.00 (KowWin estimate)
Wat Sol: 800 mg/L (experimental database)

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Species:

other: Terrestrial plants,QSAR model

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

17.03 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

not specified

Basis for effect:

not specified

Remarks on result:

other: 1 kg of water has a volume of 1 L and the mg/kg and mg/L are the same.

Species:

other: Terrestrial plants,QSAR model

Duration:

30 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

7.685 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

not specified

Basis for effect:

not specified

Remarks on result:

other: cited as a ChV value, 1 kg of water has a volume of 1 L and the mg/kg and mg/L are the same.

Details on results:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value would to be 7.685 mg/L (ppm) for terrestrial plants.
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 96-hr EC50 valuewould to be 17.03 mg/L (ppm) for terrestrial plants.
1 kg of water has a volume of 1 L and the mg/kg and mg/L are the same.

Overview of QSARs estimations on toxicity of 

 Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate/Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, sodium salt

to terrestrial plants 

Method	Results	Remarks	Reference
QSAR estimate	Terrestrial plants ,96-hrEC50 = 17.030 mg/L (ppm)  Terrestrial plants, 30-day, ChV (chronic value) =7.685 mg/L (ppm)	Reliable with restrictions, QSAR estimated data	ECOSAR Program (v1.00)

 

 Terrestrial plants ,96-hrEC50 = 17.030 mg/L (ppm)

 Terrestrial plants, 30-day, ChV (chronic value) =7.685 mg/L (ppm)

 1 kg of water has a volume of 1 L and the mg/kg and mg/L are the same.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Conclusions:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value would to be 7.685 mg/L (ppm) for terrestrial plants.
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 96-hr EC50 value would to be 17.030 mg/L (ppm) for terrestrial plants.
1 kg of water has a volume of 1 L and the mg/kg and mg/L are the same.

Executive summary:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value would to be 7.685 mg/L (ppm) for terrestrial plants.

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 96-hr EC50 value would to be 17.030 mg/L (ppm) for terrestrial plants.

1 kg of water has a volume of 1 L and the mg/kg and mg/L are the same.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Sodium (linear) dodecylbenzenesulphonate was added to Knudson C medium at concentrations of 10,100 and 1000 ppm.Surface tension (ST) and interfacial tension (IT) values were obtained for sterilizing agar-free Knudson C medium employing a Cento duNouy model 70530, surface tensiometer and a Cenco duNouy, model 70540, interfacial tensiometer.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Species:

other: Phalaenopsis cv. Alice Glocia × Phalaenopsis cv.Francine

Test type:

other: Motality, Growth effect

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

other: Knudson C culture medim(kNUDSON, 1946)

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

5 mo

Test temperature:

20-26 deg C

pH:

5.1 +/- 0.2

Details on test conditions:

Culture flasks were inoculated with seeding of Phalaenopsis cv. Alice Glocia × Phalaenopsis cv.Francine. Phalaenopsis seedings were maintained in a glasshouse under natural daylight conditions, a maximum of 600 ft-cancles and a temperature range of 20-26 deg C. The pH of culture media was adjust to 5.1 +/- 0.2 proio to autoclaving at 15 lb/in^2 for 20 minutes

Nominal and measured concentrations:

10, 100 and 1000 ppm based on active matter

Species:

other: Phalaenopsis cv. Alice Glocia × Phalaenopsis cv.Francine

Duration:

5 mo

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

10 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Species:

other: Phalaenopsis cv. Alice Glocia × Phalaenopsis cv.Francine

Duration:

5 mo

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

100 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Species:

other: Phalaenopsis cv. Alice Glocia × Phalaenopsis cv.Francine

Duration:

5 mo

Dose descriptor:

EC100

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Details on results:

Phalaenopsis survived at concentration of 10 ppm with only minimal inhibition. However, LAS was inhibitory at 100 ppm. At concentration of 1000 ppm, LAS was invariably deleterous. There were no survivors in culture of LAS which also exhibited extremely low IT values.

Table. Growth effect of LAS on orchid seeding in vitro. Concetration (ppm) % survival Fresh weight (% of control) IT reduction (%) at 25 deg C ST reduction (%) at 25 deg C 10 100 69.7 66.7 47.1 100 50 90.6 90.6 55.4 1000 0 - 93.2 58.2

- IT : Interfacial Tension - ST : Surface tension

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

This study showed evidence regarding the inhibitors of growth and decrease in survival caused LAS.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Protocorms of Phalaenopsis cv. Alice Glocia X Phalaenopsis cv.Francine were grown on Knudson C culture medim and transferred to test and control media for periods ranging from 1.2 hours ato 5 days. Sodium (linear) dodecylbenzenesulphonate added to agar-free Knudson C culture medium at concentrations of 1000ppm. And the changes in protocorm tissues treated after 4 hr, 48 hr and 5 days were observed.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Species:

other: Phalaenopis

Details on test organisms:

Phalaenopsis cv. Alice Glocia × Phalaenopsis cv.Francine

Test type:

other: Ultrastructural changes; growth, survival

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

other: Knudson C culture medim (Knudson,1946)

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

5 d

Test temperature:

22 deg C

Details on test conditions:

- Culture conditions; Screw cap tubes used as culture vessels. Absorbent cotton platforms, instead of agar, served as support for the protocorms. All cutures were maintained at a constant temperature of 22 deg C under 12 hour photoperiod and a light intensity of 283 μW/cm2.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

1000 ppm

Details on results:

Several changes were showed protocorm tissues.- After 4 hours; swelling of chloroplast thylakoids, loss of chloroplast limiting membrance, disintegration of polysomes into monosomers- After 48 hours; plasmolysis of cells, swelling og mitochonadrial cristae, dispersion of chromatin in the nucleus, appearance of osmophilic dense granues in the chloroplast severe changes in chloroplast morphology - After 5 days; no detectable cytological differences between protocorms treated 48 hours and those treated for 5 days (in the light)

Reported statistics and error estimates:

This study showed evidence regarding ultrastructural changes which accompany the inhibitors of growth and decrease in survival caused LAS.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Several changes were showed protocorm tissues.- After 4 hours; swelling of chloroplast thylakoids, loss of chloroplast limiting membrance, disintegration of polysomes into monosomers- After 48 hours; plasmolysis of cells, swelling og mitochonadrial cristae, dispersion of chromatin in the nucleus, appearance of osmophilic dense granues in the chloroplast severe changes in chloroplast morphology - After 5 days; no detectable cytological differences between protocorms treated 48 hours and those treated for 5 days (in the light)

Reference 4

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test)

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Species:

Helianthus annuus

Species:

Phaseolus aureus

Species:

Sorghum bicolor

Study type:

semi-field study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Post exposure observation period:

Observations : 1. Emergence on day 7.2. Growth on day 21.

Test temperature:

20 deg C

Details on test conditions:

The test was performed in a greenhouse at 20 deg C. with 14 h light in non-porous plastic pots containg 600 g soil(mixture of grit, loam and ferilizer). A premix was prepared from silver sand and a solution of LAS in water. The treatment rates were 1, 10, 100 and 100 mg a.i./kg dry soil. Untreated controls were included for sorghum.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

1, 10, 100 and 100mg a.i./kg dry soil (nominal)

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Untreated controls were included for sorghum.

Species:

Sorghum bicolor

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

167 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Species:

Helianthus annuus

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

289 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Species:

Phaseolus aureus

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

316 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Species:

other: all 3 species

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

100 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Details on results:

Sorghum : Emergence [%] was 64-78% for 0-1000 mg/kg
Sunflower : Emergence [%] was >91% for 1-1000 mg/kg soil
Phaseolus aureus : Emergence [%] was >=75% for 1-1000 mg/kg soil
21 d-NOEC (growth) 100 mg/kg for all species.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Sorghum : Emergence [%] was 64-78% for 0-1000 mg/kg
Sunflower : Emergence [%] was >91% for 1-1000 mg/kg soil
Phaseolus aureus : Emergence [%] was >=75% for 1-1000 mg/kg soil
21 d-NOEC (growth) 100 mg/kg for all species.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Three species of crop plant B. rapa, A. sativa, and S. alba, were grown in soil containing concentrations of LAS that varied from 0 -10,000 mg/kg dw soil. The seedlings were grown for 14 days, and then weighed. The weight was compared to weights of controls plants.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Species:

Avena sativa

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Species:

Brassica rapa

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Species:

Sinapis alba

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Test type:

early seedling growth toxicity test

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

other: soil, not specified

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

14 d

pH:

6.1

Moisture:

23.2 g/100 g soil

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (type, material, size): self-watering pots
- Amount of soil: 70 g

SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Soil texture (if natural soil)
- % sand: 54.3
- % silt: 35.7
- % clay: 9.9
- Soil classification system: sandy loam soil
- Organic carbon (%): 1.3
- Maximum water holding capacity (in % dry weigth): 23.2 g/100 g soil


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : shoot fresh weight at 14 days

Nominal and measured concentrations:

9 concentrations from 0 - 10,000 mg/kg soil

Species:

Avena sativa

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

80 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Species:

Brassica rapa

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

86 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Species:

Sinapis alba

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

200 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Species:

Avena sativa

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

300 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Species:

Sinapis alba

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

300 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Species:

Brassica rapa

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

1 641 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Details on results:

There was a steep dose-response curve in all species.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The EC10 for B. rapa was 86 mg/kg dw soil, for A. sativa it was 80 mg/kg dw soil, and for S. alba it was 200 mg/kg soil.

Executive summary:

Three species of crop plant B. rapa, A. sativa, and S. alba, were grown in soil containing concentrations of LAS that varied from 0 -10,000 mg/kg dw soil. The seedlings were grown for 14 days, and then weighed. The weight was compared to weights of controls plants. All three species showed a dose-related reduction in growth. The EC10 for B. rapa was 86 mg/kg dw soil, for A. sativa it was 80 mg/kg dw soil, and for S. alba it was 200 mg/kg dw soil.

Description of key information

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value would to be 7.685 mg/L (ppm) for terrestrial plants. 
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 96-hr EC50 value would to be 17.030 mg/L (ppm) for terrestrial plants. 
Field studies to terrestrial plants indicate that Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate affects the growth and decrease in survival of Orchid (Phalaenopis) (Ernst et al., 1971).NOEC was 10 mg/kg  soil.dw and EC50 was 100 mg/kg  soil.dw
Three species of crop plant B. rapa, A. sativa, and S. alba, were grown in soil containing concentrations of LAS that varied from 0 -10,000 mg/kg dw soil. The seedlings were grown for 14 days, and then weighed. The weight was compared to weights of controls plants. All three species showed a dose-related reduction in growth. 
The EC10 for B. rapa was 86 mg/kg dw soil, for A. sativa it was 80 mg/kg dw soil, and for S. alba it was 200 mg/kg dw soil.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:

100 mg/kg soil dw

Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:

10 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value would to be 7.685 mg/L (ppm) for terrestrial plants.

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 96-hr EC50 value would to be 17.030 mg/L (ppm) for terrestrial plants.

Field studies to terrestrial plants indicate that Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate affects the growth and decrease in survival of Orchid (Phalaenopis) (Ernst et al., 1971).NOEC was 10 mg/kg soil.dw and EC50 was 100 mg/kg soil.dw

Three species of crop plant B. rapa, A. sativa, and S. alba, were grown in soil containing concentrations of LAS that varied from 0 -10,000 mg/kg dw soil. The seedlings were grown for 14 days, and then weighed. The weight was compared to weights of controls plants. All three species showed a dose-related reduction in growth.

The EC10 for B. rapa was 86 mg/kg dw soil, for A. sativa it was 80 mg/kg dw soil, and for S. alba it was 200 mg/kg dw soil.