Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Other – APHA.AWWA and WPCF (1980). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste WATER. 15th ed., Washington

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

Tested concentrations (mg/L) : control, 1, 6.9, 10, 100

Test organisms (species):

other: Rita rita

Details on test organisms:

Rita rita ; 12-16 cm in lengthRita rita were collected in January from the River Ganes in the vicinity of Varanasi, India, and were then acclimated to laboratory conditions for 30 days before the experiment was started. During acclimination fish were fed on altenate days with minced goat liver. Feeding was, however, stopped 24 hr before the start of the experiment.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

18mg/L

Test temperature:

21±1.8℃

pH:

7.1±0.2

Dissolved oxygen:

6.5-8.4ppm

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

6.926 - 7.16 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Table. LC50 and 95% confidence limits using recommended procedures

Method	96hr-LC50	95% confidence limits
Graphic method	7.16	-
Logistic method	7.09	7.6383578, 6.5614527
Spearman-Karber method	6.926279	7.3461805, 6.5303791
Trimmed Spearman-Karber	6.96890	6.37852, 7.61393

(Unit : mg/L)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the various methods for determing the LC50 values used in regular bioassay tests. Among them the rapid graphic method and the probit and logistic methods, due to a number of deficiencies, are not found suitable for routine bioassay experiments. The conventional Spearman-Karber method functions somewhat better than any other method only when the sample size is small. The trimmed Spearman-Karber estimation which has good statistical properties, is precise and accurate, and has a programming option appears to be the most advantageous for a series of bioassays.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

Tested concentrations (mg/L) : 4.5,6,6.4

Test organisms (species):

Phoxinus phoxinus

Details on test organisms:

SPECIES #
(NAME): 383 Phoxinus phoxinus
(Minnow)
AGE: NR
LIFE STAGE: not reported, unknown
COMMENT: NR

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Test temperature:

13℃

pH:

7.7

Nominal and measured concentrations:

TEST CONCENTRATION
CHEM ANAL. METHOD: unmeasured
UNIT OF MEASURE: ug/L micrograms per liter

TYPE VALUE RANGE STANDARD CONC (ug/L) ION
F 4500 NR TONR 4500 ug/L NR
F 6000 NR TONR 6000 ug/L NR
F 6400 NR TONR 6400 ug/L NR

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

4.5 - 6.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Under static conditions the LC50 in Phoxinus phoxinus was between 4.5-6.4 mg/l for Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, Sodium salt which is moderate toxicity .

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under static conditions the LC50 in Phoxinus phoxinus was between 4.5-6.4 mg/l for Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, Sodium salt which is moderate toxicity .

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

numbers of test concentration and fish

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnei) ; Juvenile

Test type:

other: daily renewal

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Details on test conditions:

96 hr-LC50 values were estimated using conventional probit analysis (Finney, 1971)

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

3.2 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

5.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

LC50= 3.20(Lower limit), 5.60(Upper limit)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the conditions of the study of Douglas MT, Chanter DO, Pell IB and Burney GM ,1986, 96h-LC50 was between 3.2 and 5.6 mg/l

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acids (CAS# 27176-87-0 , EC Number; 248-289-4) ) is a very close analogue of Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CAS No. 25155-30-0, EC Number; 246-680-4) ) and the dissociated acid it readily dissociates in water and release the dodecylbenzene sulfonic anion in solution

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method Other – DIN 38412 Part 15

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

Tested concentrations (mg/L) : control, 1, 6.9, 10, 100

Test organisms (species):

Leuciscus idus

Details on test organisms:

Leuciscus idus (Fish, fresh water)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

4.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

4.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the conditions of this study 96 h- LC50 was 4.1 mg/L

Reference 5

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acids (CAS# 27176-87-0 , EC Number; 248-289-4) ) is a very close analogue of Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CAS No. 25155-30-0, EC Number; 246-680-4) ) and the dissociated acid it readily dissociates in water and release the dodecylbenzene sulfonic anion in solution

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

Brachydanio rerio (Fish, fresh water)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Details on test conditions:

96 hr-LC50 values were estimated using conventional probit analysis (Finney, 1971)

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

LC50= 10 mg/l

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the conditions of this study 96h-LC50 was 10 mg/l

Reference 6

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: QSAR

Principles of method if other than guideline:

EPI Suite v 4.1/ECOSARv1.00

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

not applicable to QSAR models

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

other: Fishes species

Details on test organisms:

no further information

Test type:

other: QSAR model

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

not applicable. QSAR model

Test temperature:

not applicable. QSAR model

pH:

not applicable. QSAR model

Dissolved oxygen:

not applicable. QSAR model

Salinity:

not applicable. QSAR model

Details on test conditions:

100% Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, sodium salt (CAS No. 25155-30-0)
SMILES : O([Na])S(=O)(=O)c1ccc(cc1)CCCCCCCCCCCC
CHEM : Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, sodium salt
CAS Num: 25155-30-0
MOL FOR: C18 H29 O3 S1 Na1
MOL WT : 348.48
Log Kow: 3.00 (KowWin estimate)
Wat Sol: 800 mg/L (experimental database)

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

35.601 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

not specified

Basis for effect:

not specified

Details on results:

Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 96hr LC50 for freshwater fish of 35.601 mg/l was established.
Fish, 96-hr LC50 =35.601 mg/L (ppm)

Results with reference substance (positive control):

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for freshwater fish would to be 35.601 mg/l therefore that the substance is slightly toxic to fishes.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Conclusions:

Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 96hr LC50 for freshwater fish of 35.601 mg/l was established.
Fish, 96-hr LC50 =35.601 mg/L (ppm)
Fish, 96-hr (SW) LC50 =45.883 mg/L (ppm)
Fish 30-day ChV = 3.965 mg/L (ppm)
Fish (SW) 30-day ChV = 9.198 mg/L (ppm)
Fish 14-day LC50 = 36.580 mg/L (ppm)

Executive summary:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for freshwater fish would to be 35.601 mg/l therefore that the substance is slightly toxic to fishes.

Reference 7

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: QSAR

Principles of method if other than guideline:

EPI Suite v 4.1/ECOSARv1.00

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

not applicable to QSAR models

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

other: Fishes species

Details on test organisms:

no further information

Test type:

other: QSAR model

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

not applicable. QSAR model

Test temperature:

not applicable. QSAR model

pH:

not applicable. QSAR model

Dissolved oxygen:

not applicable. QSAR model

Salinity:

not applicable. QSAR model

Details on test conditions:

100% Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, sodium salt
SMILES : O([Na])S(=O)(=O)c1ccc(cc1)CCCCCCCCCCCC
CHEM : Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, sodium salt
CAS Num: 25155-30-0
MOL FOR: C18 H29 O3 S1 Na1
MOL WT : 348.48
Log Kow: 3.00 (KowWin estimate)
Wat Sol: 800 mg/L (experimental database)

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

45.883 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

not specified

Basis for effect:

not specified

Details on results:

Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 96hr LC50 for saltwater fish of 45.883 mg/l was established.
Fish, 96-hr LC50 =45.883 mg/L (ppm)

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for saltwater fish would to be 45.883 mg/l therefore that the substance is slightly toxic to fishes.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Conclusions:

Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 96hr LC50 for saltwater fish of 45.883 mg/l was established.
Fish, 96-hr (SW) LC50 = 45.883 mg/L (ppm)
Fish, 96-hr LC50 =35.601 mg/L (ppm)
Fish 30-day ChV = 3.965 mg/L (ppm)
Fish (SW) 30-day ChV = 9.198 mg/L (ppm)
Fish 14-day LC50 = 36.580 mg/L (ppm)

Executive summary:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for saltwater fish would to be 45.883 mg/l therefore that the substance is slightly toxic to fishes.

Reference 8

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: US EPA, 1975. Reliability, deviations and validity evaluated against the criteria of USEPA 850.1075, 1996.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method:USEPA (1975) Stock solutions were made up in deionized water without the use of a solvent and metered into diluter chambers by peristaltic pump. Mortality was analyzed by four methods: (a) the toxic unit (TU) concept, (b) the additive index, (c) concentration addition, and (d) response addition.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: Water samples for determination of test concentrations were collected at the beginning and end of each test.
- Sampling method: Samples were preserved with 1% formalin.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Not available

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Stock solutions were prepared by diluting the materials in deionized water to the desired concentrations.
- Eluate: Not applicable
- Differential loading: Not applicable
- Controls: Prepared using deionized water.
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): Not applicable
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) including control(s)): Not applicable
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): None

Test organisms (species):

Lepomis macrochirus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Bluegill
- Strain: Not available
- Source: Not available
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Juvenile
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): Mean standard length: 4.2 cm, range: 3.0-5.1 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Average: 1.1 g, range: 0.5-1.9 g
- Method of breeding: Not available
- Feeding during test: Not fed
- Food type: Not applicable
- Amount: Not applicable
- Frequency: Not applicable


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: At least 10 days
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test
- Type and amount of food: Not available
- Feeding frequency: Not available
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Not available


QUARANTINE (wild caught)
- Duration: Not applicable
- Health/mortality: Not applicable

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

Not applicable

Hardness:

Total hardness was 137 mg/L as CaCO3.

Test temperature:

Temperature was maintained at 20 ± 2 °C.

pH:

The pH varied from 7.8 to 8.1.

Dissolved oxygen:

Dissolved oxygen in the fish tests averaged 9.0 (ranged 8.4-9.6) mg/L

Salinity:

Not applicable

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Details of nominal and measured test concentrations are not available in the study report. Measured concentrations were 79 % of nominal concentrations. Results are based on measured concentrations.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open / closed: Not available
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 15 liter glass aquaria containing 10 liters of dilution water.
- Aeration: Not available
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): Not applicable
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Not applicable
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 1.1 g/L


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: The dilution water was a blend of well water and deionized water, mixed to the desired hardness.
- Total organic carbon: Not available
- Particulate matter: Not available
- Metals: 10 heavy metals were measured, all were <0.2 mg/L.
- Pesticides: Not available
- Chlorine: Not available
- Alkalinity: Not available
- Ca/mg ratio: Not available
- Conductivity: Not available
- Culture medium different from test medium: Not available
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Dissolved oxygen, pH and hardness were monitored twice during the test.


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Not applicable
- Photoperiod: 16 hours illumination
- Light intensity: Not available


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Fish mortality recorded 1, 3 and 5 hours after test initiation, and daily until test termination.


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Not available
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: Not applicable
- Range finding study: No

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1.67 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL: 1.58-1.77mg/L

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: None
- Observations on body length and weight: None
- Other biological observations: None
- Mortality of control: None
- Other adverse effects control: None
- Abnormal responses: None
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: None
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: None

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Probit analysis of all mortality data in this study followed the procedures of Finney (1971).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

All the criteria of USEPA OPPTS 850.1075, 1996 were met

Conclusions:

The 96 h LC50 of C11.8 LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) to bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) was 1.67 mg/L, based on mean measured concentrations of active ingredient.

Executive summary:

In a 96 h acute toxicity study, Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) were exposed to C11.8 LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, an anionic surfactant) under static conditions. Nominal concentrations were not specified in the report. Measured concentrations were 79 % of nominal concentrations. The 96 h LC50 value, based on measured concentration, was 1.67 mg a.i./L, with 95% CL 1.58 to 1.77 mg/L. This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement for the current USEPA OPPTS 850.1075 (1996) acute fish toxicity study.

Reference 9

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Ten fathead minnows were exposed for 96 hours to LAS under the following conditions: hardness 35 mg/L as CaCO3; pH 7.1; temperature 21oC. Fish
were not fed during the exposure.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Stock solutions were prepared by diluting the materials in deionized water to the desired concentrations.
- Eluate: Not applicable
- Differential loading: Not applicable
- Controls: Prepared using deionized water.
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): Not applicable
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) including control(s)): Not applicable
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): None

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

Pimephales promelas (Fish, fresh water)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

Not applicable

Hardness:

hardness 35 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

temperature 21oC

pH:

pH 7.1;

Salinity:

Not applicable

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

4.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Probit analysis of all mortality data in this study followed the procedures of Finney (1971).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 96 h LC50 of C11.1 LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) to Pimephales promelas was 4.6 mg/L, based on mean measured concentrations of active ingredient.

Reference 10

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: USEPA methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians. Ecol. Res. Series. EPA-660/3-75-009.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Stock solutions were prepared by diluting the materials in deionized water to the desired concentrations.
- Eluate: Not applicable
- Differential loading: Not applicable
- Controls: Prepared using deionized water.
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): Not applicable
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) including control(s)): Not applicable
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): None

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

Pimephales promelas (Fish, fresh water)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

Not applicable

Hardness:

hardness 40 mg/L as CaCO3).

Test temperature:

temperature 21oC

Salinity:

Not applicable

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

4.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Probit analysis of all mortality data in this study followed the procedures of Finney (1971).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 96 h LC50 of C11.7 LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) to Pimephales promelas was 4.1 mg/L, based on mean measured concentrations of active ingredient.

Reference 11

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA-660/3-75-009 1975. Method for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates and amphibians.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Acute toxicity tests were conducted on high molecular weight LAS, individual pure homologues, non-linear LAS components (dialkyl tetralin or indane sulfonates, DTIS), and model biodegradation intermediates (sulfophenylundecane, SOU) in order to determine whether biodegradation decreases toxicity. Toxicity tests were conducted in 5 L of 100 mg/L hardness water using 5 fathead minnows per concentration.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

Pimephales promelas (Fish, fresh water)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

open-system

Hardness:

5 L of 100 mg/L hardness water

Salinity:

Not applicable

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: C13.3 LAS

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Probit analysis of all mortality data in this study followed the procedures of Finney (1971).

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Results: The following table shows the acute toxicity of the tested materials (LC50,

mg/L).

		Fathead minnow LC50 (mg/L)
	Average chain length	24 hour	48 hour
High molecular weight LAS	13.3	1.9	1.7
Individual homologues LAS
C10	10	48.0	43.0
C11	11	17.0	16.0
C12	12	4.7	4.7
C13	13	1.7	0.4
C14	14	0.6	0.4
Nonlinear LAS components (DTIS)
C10	10	87.0 ± 7.5	86.1 ± 15.0
C12	12	24.8 ± 5.8	21.5 ± 5.5
C14	14	8.1 ± 5.1	5.3 ± 3.9
Model biodegradation intermediates
C4 (SØ Butyrate)	4	~10,000	~10,000
C5 (SØ Valerate)	5	~10,000	~10,000
C11 (SØU)	11	85.9 ± 5.1*	76.6 ± 12.4*

*Subsequent repurification of this sample yielded a product with the same isomeric composition but with LC₅₀ values over 1000 mg/L for fatheads.

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 48 h LC50 of C13.3 LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) to Pimephales promelas was 1.7 mg/L, based on mean measured concentrations of active ingredient.

Executive summary:

The length of the alkyl chain is the most important factor influencing acutetoxicity, which increases as the alkyl chain increases. These longer alkylchain homologues are the first constituents of the LAS mixture to degrade.The nonlinear components (DTIS) showed 1/2 to 1/10 the toxicity of LASwith the same carbon chain length. Toxicity of biodegradationintermediates is significantly less than the parent LAS. Because of theshorter than normalstudy duration and smaller than standard number offish per concentration, the reliability of the absolute values cannot beassessed. However, the study is considered reliable for the trends in thedata because the homologues were tested under identical conditions

Description of key information

Under the conditions of the study of Roy D,1988, 96h-LC50 was between 6.926 and 7.16 mg/l. 
Under the conditions of the study of Douglas MT, Chanter DO, Pell IB and Burney GM,1986, 96h-LC50 was between  3.2 and 5.6  mg/l.
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for freshwater fish would to be 35.601 mg/l therefore that the substance is slightly toxic to fishes.
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for saltwater fish would to be 45.883 mg/l therefore that the substance is slightly toxic to fishes.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

6.926 mg/L

Marine water fish

Marine water fish

Effect concentration:

45.883 mg/L

Additional information

Under the conditions of the study of Roy D,1988, 96h-LC50 was between 6.926 and 7.16 mg/l.

Under the conditions of the study of Douglas MT, Chanter DO, Pell IB and Burney GM,1986, 96h-LC50 was between 3.2 and 5.6 mg/l.

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for freshwater fish would to be 35.601 mg/l therefore that the substance is slightly toxic to fishes.

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for saltwater fish would to be 45.883 mg/l therefore that the substance is slightly toxic to fishes.