Nickel dichloride

Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour

Administrative data

Endpoint:

additional information on environmental fate and behaviour

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study meets generally accepted scientific methods and is described in sufficient detail.

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Acute toxicity, critical body residues, Michaelis-Menten analysis of bioaccumulation, and ionoregulatory disturbance in response to waterborne nickel in four invertebrates: Chironomus riparius, Lymnaea stagnalis, Lumbriculus variegatus and Daphnia pulex.

Author:

Leonard EM, Wood CM

Year:

2013

Bibliographic source:

Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2013 Jun;158(1):10-21. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.03.008. Epub 2013 Apr 6.

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Kinetics were measured for four aquatic invertebrate species

GLP compliance:

no

Type of study / information:

Kinetics

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Nickel chloride

EC Number:

253-399-0

EC Name:

Nickel chloride

Cas Number:

37211-05-5

Molecular formula:

NiCl2

IUPAC Name:

nickel(2+) dichloride

Test material form:

other: stock solutions

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Ni emily checking with authors

Results and discussion

Any other information on results incl. tables

In comparison to the other organisms, L. stagnalis had the highest affinity (lowest Kd value) and a relatively low capacity (low Bmax) for Ni. Kd values were next lowest for D. pulex, followed by L. variegatus and finally C. riparius with exceptionally high values. After L. stagnalis, Bmax values were slightly greater in L. variegatus, much greater in D. pulex, and again extremely high in C. riparius. In

general Bmax values tended to be higher in SW than in HW, while there was no clear effect of hardness on Kd values; the only significant hardness-related difference was the 2.8 fold higher Bmax value in SW vs. HW chironomids. In comparison to the other organisms, C. riparius had by far the highest Kd or Bmax values, indicating the lowest affinity and highest capacity. Whole body Ni bioaccumulation followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics in all organisms, with greater hardness tending to decrease Bmax with no consistent effect on Kd.

Michaelis-Menten kinetic constants (Bmax and Kd) for saturable Ni bioaccumulation in Daphnia pulex, Lymnaea stagnalis, Lumbriculus variegatusandChironomus riparius in hard water (HW, nominally 140 mg/L as CaC0₃) and soft water (SW, nominally 40 mg/L as CaC0₃).

	Bmax(µmol/kg wet wt)	Kd(µmol Ni/L)	r^2
Lymnaea stagnalis
Soft water	177.8 ± 30.1	2.5 ± 1.1	0.97
Daphnia pulex
Hard water	1522.3 ± 300.0	18.4 ± 9.7	0.97
Soft water	2015.9 ± 552.2	56.5 ± 26.9	0.98
Lumbriculus variegatus
Hard water	226.0 ± 47.6	133.9 ± 69.4	0.93
Soft water	441.5 ± 152.8	128.2 ± 85.8	0.95
Chironomus riparius
Hard water	24,496.5 ± 4167.3	1771.7 ± 1183.9	0.80
Soft water	68,404.1 ± 9839.8*	3619.0 ± 1425.2	0.95

* Indicates a significant difference in kinetic constants between SW and HW. Values are means ± S.E.M.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Executive summary:

STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER