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EC number: 231-743-0 | CAS number: 7718-54-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Exposure related observations in humans: other data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- exposure-related observations in humans: other data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- not reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Meets generally accepted scientific methods with sufficient documentation. Relevant exposure to submission substance, adequate detail on exposure and sampling methods. (A detailed description of the scoring criteria can be found in the .pdf document attached to the 'Exposure Scoring Rationale Document' record at the beginning of Section 7.10.5).
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Exposure to soluble nickel in electrolytic nickel refining.
- Author:
- Kiilunen M, Utela J, Rantanen T, Norppa H, Tossavainen A, Koponen M, Paakkulainen H, Aitio A
- Year:
- 1 997
- Bibliographic source:
- Ann Occup Hyg 41: 167-188
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- Nickel aerosol exposure information for a nickel refinery
- Endpoint addressed:
- not applicable
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- No standard guideline followed. Details on test methods described in the following sections.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- The presence of soluble nickel accounts for 95% of total nickel exposure in the facility and insoluble nickel accounts for 4% of total nickel exposure in the facility (but about 11% in the leaching area).
Method
- Ethical approval:
- not applicable
- Details on study design:
- Thirty-four refinery workers were examined for nickel exposure. Exposure was evaluated based on work task. Stationary and personal
air measurements were collected during the work shift during four consecutive work days. Urine (for four days) and blood samples
(at the beginning and end of the study) were collected . A micronucleus analysis was also conducted to examine effects of Ni on genotoxicity. - Exposure assessment:
- measured
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF EXPOSURE: Inhalation of nickel dusts and aerosols during Ni refining.
TYPE OF EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT: Area air sampling and personal sampling, Ni speciation not conducted.
Biomonitoring of urine and blood conducted.
EXPOSURE LEVELS: see Table below
EXPOSURE PERIOD: collected during work shifts, approximately 8 hours.
POSTEXPOSURE PERIOD: not applicable
DESCRIPTION / DELINEATION OF EXPOSURE GROUPS / CATEGORIES: examined by work category.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- For electrowinning operations, soluble nickel was reported to constitute from 86% to 99.7% of the total nickel content of air samples in various areas of an electrowinning facility. Water-soluble nickel sulphate represented more than 95% of the total concentration of nickel in air, except at the
leaching site, where the proportion of water-insoluble nickel was 11%. Data on metallic, sulphidic, or oxidic Ni not reported.
Blood Ni concentrations ranged 18 to 59 nmol/L after the last work day. The maximum individual value was 77 nmol/L.
Average urinary Ni concentrations (after shift) ranged from 0.09 to 1.28 umol/L.
No correlations between breathing zone Ni and blood or urine Ni concentrations was observed.
There was no association between breathing zone Ni and the frequency of micronucleated cells (buccal mucosa).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Study provides air Ni exposure concentrations for a nickel refinery.
- Executive summary:
STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER.
(A detailed description of the scoring criteria can be found in the .pdf document attached to the 'Exposure Scoring Rationale Document' record at the beginning of Section 7.10.5).
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