Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 200-655-4 | CAS number: 67-48-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Experiment is reported in the freely available IUCLID 4 substance dataset from ESIS. No study report was handed out. The experiment was conducted according to OECD 211 and GLP compliance without detailed information. Available data indicate that the study was well-performed.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- No further details available.
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material: No surrogate or analogue material was used.
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- The test concentrations were measured for both renewal and old test solution at the start of the experiment and after 1h, 10th, 11th, 20th and 21th day.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test substance was diluted with dilution water. The test substance was stored in the freezer. The stability of the chemical was confirmed by IR absorption spectrum. Under the stock condition, IR spectrum of the test substance at the end of the test was the same at the start.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- - Age: < 24 h old
- Supplier / Source: Test organisms were obtained from the National Institute of Environmental Studies (Japan)
- Pretreatment: Parental daphnids were acclimated for 20 days on test condition before testing.
- Feed: Chlorella vulgaris, 0.15 mg carbon/day/individual
- Mothers of test individuals were selected from batches which were not observed death individuals and any resting-eggs and male daphnids. - Test type:
- other: static renewal
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure observation period described.
- Hardness:
- 23 - 37 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 20.3 - 21.0 °C
- pH:
- 7.0 - 7.7
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.7 - 8.1 mgO2/L
- Salinity:
- Not applicable.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flask
- Material, size, fill volume: glass, 200 mL, 80 mL fill volume
- Aeration: none
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: prepared from dechlorinated industrial water (drinkable water grade). This water was aerated after residual chlorine removal by activated carbon treatment
- pH: 7.3
- Total hardness (as CaCO3): 37 mg/L
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h dark, 8 h light
- Feeding: 0.15 - 0.18 mg carbon/day/individual (Chlorella vulgaris, green algae)
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
None reported. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 95.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: parental mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 58.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL: 37.7 - 83.7 mg/L
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 30.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 95.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- No further details available.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- EC50(48h): 0.079 mg/L (based on mobility)
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- - LC50 with corresponding 95 % CL: cannot be calculated
- EC50 with corresponding 95 % CL: calculated by Probit method
- NOEC and LOEC: The cumulative number of juveniles produced per adult in control and test concentration after 21 d was tested by Dunnett multiple comparison method
- Method of calculating mean measured concentrations: Time-weighted Mean - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Scientific criteria for acute toxicity testing to aquatic invertebrates seemed to be fulfilled.
- Conclusions:
- The study is reported in the freely available IUCLID 4 substance dataset from ESIS. The experiment was conducted according to OECD 211 with GLP compliance. Available data indicate that the study was well-performed. As result, the NOEC(21d) was determined as 30.2 mg/L, based on time-weighted mean of measured concentrations.
- Executive summary:
A long-term experiment was conducted with the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna in order to determine the impact of Choline chloride on the reproduction rate during an exposure duration of 21 days (MOE Japan, 1999). The study was conducted according to OECD 211 and under GLP compliance. The nominal test concentrations were reported as 0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L, whereby the measured concentrations (based on time-weighted mean of measured concentrations) were as followed: 0, 2.83, 9.00, 30.2 and 95.5 mg/L. 10 replicates per concentration and 1 individual per replicate were implemented. The stability of the test substance was confirmed by IR absorption spectrum. A photoperiod of 16 h light and 8 h dark was produced. The green algae Chlorella vulgaris served as food during the exposure duration. Potassium dichromate was used as reference substance, resulting in an EC50(48h) of 0.079, based on mobility). The effect data for choline chloride, based on reproduction, were reported as followed: LC50(21d) > 95.50 mg/L (parental mortality), EC50(21d): 58.9 mg/L (95 % CL: 37.7 - 83.7 mg/L), NOEC(21d): 30.2 mg/L and LOEC(21d): 95.5 mg/L. The results are based on the time-weighted mean of measured concentrations.
Reference
Table 1. Measured concentrations
Nominal concentration |
0h |
1h |
10d |
11d |
20d |
21d |
0.00 |
N.D. |
N.D. |
N.D. |
N.D. |
N.D. |
N.D. |
3.20 |
3.10 |
3.10 |
3.30 |
2.50 |
3.20 |
1.90 |
10.00 |
9.70 |
9.70 |
10.30 |
8.10 |
9.90 |
6.60 |
32.00 |
33.50 |
32.80 |
34.20 |
25.70 |
32.10 |
23.70 |
100.00 |
104.00 |
101.00 |
104.00 |
87.00 |
101.00 |
77.30 |
New: freshly prepared test solution. |
Table 2. Percent of nominal concentration
Nominal concentration |
0h |
1h |
10d |
11d |
20d |
21d |
0.00 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
3.20 |
97 % |
97 % |
103 % |
78 % |
100 % |
59 % |
10.00 |
97 % |
97 % |
103 % |
81 % |
99 % |
66 % |
32.00 |
105 % |
103 % |
107 % |
80 % |
100 % |
74 % |
100.00 |
104 % |
101 % |
104 % |
87 % |
101 % |
77 % |
New: freshly prepared test solution. |
Table 3. Cumulative number of died parental Daphnia
Nominal concentration |
Cumulative Number of Died Parental Daphnia |
0.00 |
0 (0) |
3.20 |
0 (0) |
10.00 |
2 (20) |
32.00 |
0 (0) |
100.00 |
0 (0) |
Table 4. Time to first brood production
Nominal concentration |
Time to First Brood Production |
0.00 |
8.3 |
3.20 |
7.9 |
10.00 |
8.9 |
32.00 |
8.3 |
100.00 |
11.2 |
Table 5. Cumulative numbers of juvenile produced per adult
Nominal Concentration |
Mean cumulative numbers of juveniles produced per adult for 21 days |
|||||||||||||||
0 - 6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
|
0.00 |
0 - 0 |
1.0 |
11.8 |
12.0 |
14.0 |
36.5 |
36.6 |
43.0 |
66.4 |
66.4 |
74.2 |
105.9 |
106.1 |
111.5 |
140.0 |
140.0 |
3.20 |
0 - 0 |
4.8 |
10.6 |
11.0 |
24.0 |
37.6 |
37.6 |
50.1 |
67.2 |
67.2 |
82.4 |
106.5 |
106.5 |
116.9 |
164.0 |
146.0 |
10.00 |
0 - 0 |
0.1 |
8.3 |
9.0 |
9.90 |
32.6 |
32.8 |
39.8 |
63.5 |
63.5 |
70.3 |
103.8 |
103.9 |
109.5 |
142.0 |
142.0 |
32.00 |
0 - 0 |
3.7 |
8.8 |
8.8 |
13.3 |
30.6 |
30.7 |
41.4 |
58.3 |
58.3 |
72.4 |
94.1 |
94.1 |
115.4 |
136.1 |
136.1 |
100.00 |
0 - 0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.80 |
2.70 |
4.10 |
4.10 |
5.60 |
7.5 |
8.9 |
9.5 |
11.8 |
11.8 |
11.8 |
11.8 |
Table 6. Cumulative numbers of juvenile produced per adult alive for 21 days
Nominal concentration [mg/L] |
|||||
Vessel No. |
0.00 |
3.20 |
10.00 |
32.00 |
100.00 |
1 |
162 |
150 |
D |
140 |
13 |
2 |
151 |
136 |
147 |
147 |
12 |
3 |
152 |
143 |
125 |
114 |
5 |
4 |
142 |
150 |
D |
168 |
12 |
5 |
150 |
154 |
139 |
125 |
11 |
6 |
136 |
124 |
151 |
125 |
12 |
7 |
128 |
152 |
152 |
142 |
10 |
8 |
118 |
140 |
129 |
129 |
17 |
9 |
121 |
162 |
140 |
149 |
11 |
10 |
140 |
149 |
153 |
122 |
15 |
Mean |
140.0 |
146.0 |
142.0 |
136.1 |
11.8 |
S.D. |
14.4 |
10.7 |
10.7 |
16.1 |
3.2 |
Inhibition ratio [%] |
- |
-4.3 |
-1.4 |
2.8 |
91.6 |
Significant difference |
- |
N.S. |
N.S. |
N.S. |
* |
D: No calculation performed since parental Daphnia was dead during the 21-days testing period |
Description of key information
Daphnia magna_OECD 211_time-weighted mean of measured concentrations: LC50(21d) > 95.50 mg/L (parental mortality), EC50(21d): 58.9 mg/L (95 % CL: 37.7 - 83.7 mg/L), NOEC(21d): 30.2 mg/L, LOEC(21d): 95.5 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect concentration:
- 30.2 mg/L
Additional information
A long-term experiment was conducted with the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna in order to determine the impact of Choline chloride on the reproduction rate during an exposure duration of 21 days (MOE Japan, 1999). The study was conducted according to OECD 211 and under GLP compliance. The nominal test concentrations were reported as 0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L, whereby the measured concentrations (based on time-weighted mean of measured concentrations) were as followed: 0, 2.83, 9.00, 30.2 and 95.5 mg/L. 10 replicates per concentration and 1 individual per replicate were implemented. The stability of the test substance was confirmed by IR absorption spectrum. A photoperiod of 16 h light and 8 h dark was produced. The green algae Chlorella vulgaris served as food during the exposure duration. Potassium dichromate was used as reference substance, resulting in an EC50(48h) of 0.079, based on mobility). The effect data for choline chloride, based on reproduction, were reported as followed: LC50(21d) > 95.50 mg/L (parental mortality), EC50(21d): 58.9 mg/L (95 % CL: 37.7 - 83.7 mg/L), NOEC(21d): 30.2 mg/L and LOEC(21d): 95.5 mg/L. The results are based on the time-weighted mean of measured concentrations.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

EU Privacy Disclaimer
This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our websites.