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Registration Dossier
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EC number: 203-441-9 | CAS number: 106-91-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DMEL (Derived Minimum Effect Level)
- Value:
- 45 µg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- carcinogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 3 125
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- T25
- Value:
- 141 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- T25 of 57 mg/kg/d (rat, oral) corrected to T25 (workers, inhalation) according to ECHA Guidance R8 Appendix R8-6 and R8-7
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- T25 used
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- 103 weeks rat study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 10
- Justification:
- point of comparison
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 10
- Justification:
- nature of carcinogenic process
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.24 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- 13 wk study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- inhalation study in rat
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- workers
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.72 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 8.33
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DMEL (Derived Minimum Effect Level)
- Value:
- 12.76 µg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- carcinogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 12 500
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- T25
- Value:
- 159.6 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- See ECHA Guidance R8 page 21 (oral = dermal)
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- T25 used
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- 103 weeks oral study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 10
- Justification:
- point of comparison
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 10
- Justification:
- nature of carcinogenic process
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.24 µg/cm²
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 5
- Justification:
- 45d study in rat (oral)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- local effects
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- workers
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 6.72 µg/cm²
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 8.33
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- other: NOAEL
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DMEL (Derived Minimum Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4 µg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- carcinogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 6 250
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- T25
- Value:
- 24.8 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- T25 of 57 mg/kg/d (rat, oral) corrected to T25 for consumers at 24hr/day via multiplication with 1/1.15 and 1/2 (ECHA Guidance)
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- T25 used
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- 103 wk rat study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- consumers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 10
- Justification:
- point of comparison
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 10
- Justification:
- nature of carcinogenic process
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.06 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- 13wk study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- inhalation study
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- consumers
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.18 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 16.67
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DMEL (Derived Minimum Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.3 µg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- carcinogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25 000
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- T25
- Value:
- 57 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- See Guidance R8 page 21 (oral = dermal)
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- T25 used
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- 103 week study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- consumers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 10
- Justification:
- point of comparison
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 10
- Justification:
- nature of carcinogenic process
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.12 µg/cm²
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 5
- Justification:
- 45d study (rat, oral)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- local effects
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- consumers
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 3.36 µg/cm²
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 16.67
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- other: NOAEL
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DMEL (Derived Minimum Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.3 µg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- carcinogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25 000
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- T25
- Value:
- 57 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- See ECHA Guidance R8 Appendix R8-6 and R8-7
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- T25 used
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- 103 weeks oral rat study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- consumers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 10
- Justification:
- point of comparison
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 10
- Justification:
- nature of carcinogenic process
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
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