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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

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Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Justification for type of information:
For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
2 900 mg/L
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC20
Effect conc.:
1 000 mg/L
Basis for effect:
biomass
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 4 000 mg/L
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC20
Effect conc.:
2 700 mg/L
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Table: Measured algal cell densities
--------------------------------------------------
Nominal test      Cell density x 10^4 (cells/ml)
concentration    
--------------------------------------------------
    (mg/l)           Day 1      Day 2      Day 3
--------------------------------------------------
      0             2.494      15.24      77.62
      0             2.324      13.05      61.49
      0             2.282      14.10      68.88
      0             2.409      15.44      74.73
      0             2.536      16.15      81.91
      0             2.367      13.62      63.51

   1000             1.859       9.106     39.74
   1000             2.240      13.43      70.85
   1000             2.071      12.02      60.09

   1400             1.902      10.99      48.54
   1400             1.859      10.19      46.84
   1400             1.817      10.86      48.29

   2000             1.859      17.49      33.98
   2000             2.113      15.82      43.79
   2000             1.902      12.52      32.03

   2800             1.986      12.52      44.04
   2800             2.155       8.389     30.73
   2800             1.732       9.645     26.78

   4000             1.775       8.299     19.88
   4000             1.563       6.336     19.26
   4000             1.732      11.93      18.35
----------------------------------------------------

 Table: Percent biomass inhibition per concentration
----------------------------------------------------
Nominal test            Percent growth inhibition
concentration   
----------------------------------------------------
  (mg/l)              Area under the growth curve  
----------------------------------------------------
      0                        0     
   1000                      21.2    
   1400                      33.6    
   2000                      35.6    
   2800                      47.1    
   4000                      64.9    
----------------------------------------------------

 Table: Water parameters of test solutions
----------------------------------------------------
concentration   Temperature   pH
 CaCl2 (mg/l)     (°C)
----------------------------------------------------
        0          22.2       8.5
     1000          22.2       7.5
     1400          22.4       7.8
     2000          22.2       7.9
     2800          22.3       7.9
     4000          22.3       7.8
----------------------------------------------------

 Table: EC50 and EC20
----------------------------------------------------
 Hours of            EC50          EC20
  exposure          (mg/l)         (mg/l)
----------------------------------------------------
   72                2900          1000
----------------------------------------------------


   

Table: Percent growth rate inhibition per concentration
-------------------------------------------------------
Nominal test            Percent growth inhibition
concentration   
   (mg/l)                     Growth rate                   
-------------------------------------------------------
      0                        0     
   1000                       4.9    
   1400                       9.9    
   2000                      15.5    
   2800                      17.6    
   4000                      31.0    
-------------------------------------------------------


Table: EC50 and EC20
---------------------------------------
 Hours of       EC50          EC20
  exposure      (mg/l)        (mg/l)
--------------------------------------- 
   72           > 4000         2700
---------------------------------------
Conclusions:
The 72-hour EC50 and EC20 for calcium chloride obtained on the basis of growth rate were >4000 (higher than the highest test dose) and 2700 mg/L, respectively.
Executive summary:

This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance. For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.

 

Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Justification for type of information:
For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Post exposure observation period:
None
pH:
Buffered solutions
Salinity:
Not applicable, freshwater species
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
> 533 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (TWA)
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
1.9 g/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
ca. 3.5 g/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Remarks on result:
other: 95 % CI = 2.8–4.4
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 2.8 g/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Details on results:
By visual comparison of the measured and the calculated growth curves of algal suspensions exposed to the test substance with those of the algal controls the no-observed-effect-concentration (NOEC) of the 80 % aqueous solution of L(+)-lactic acid was estimated to be 1.9 g/L. Microscopic examination of the cells at the start and end of the incubation period revealed no abnormalities, however many bacteria were found in the cultures exposed to test substance concentrations of 1.0, 1.9 and 2.8 g/L.
The pH of the algal medium containing different test substance concentrations was adjusted to the range pH 7.5-8.0 at the start of the test. It was found to remain constant (pH 8.0-8.1) during the test. In the presence of algae the pH was found to slightly increase with algal cell density (pH 8.2-8.7).
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The NOEC of lactic acid (pH adjusted to approximately 8) to green algae is higher than 533 mg/L actual concentration of lactate (TWA).
Executive summary:

In a 72 hour acute toxicity study, cultures of Selenastrum capricornutum (ATCC 22662) were exposed to L(+) lactic acid (80 %) at nominal concentrations of 0, 0.10, 0.33, 0.56, 1.0, 1.9 and 2.8 g/L under static conditions in accordance with the OECD 201 guideline. The NOEC and EC50 values based on growth rate were 1.9 g/L and 3.5 g/L, respectively. There were no compound-related phytotoxic effects. This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for alga growth inhibition study with S. capricornutum.

Results synopsis

Test organism: Selenastrum capricornutum

Test type: Static

72-hr EbC50: > 2.8 g/L (95% C.I.: 2.24–3.52 g/L), in terms of lactic acid

72-hr NOEC: > 533 mg/L, in terms of lactic acid

Endpoint(s) effected: Growth, abnormalities of the cells

This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance. For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.

An effect on the inoculum viability, as found in this test, may be expected when a substance loses its toxicity during the test, in this case probably due to biodegradation. The concentrations quoted in this report are the nominal concentrations of the test substance (a solution of about 80 % L(+) lactic acid) as supplied by sponsor. At the start of the test 65–82 % of the nominal test substance concentrations were found by chemical analysis. At the end of the test the concentrations were considerably lower: 15, 57 and 73 % at the three concentrations analysed. The actual concentrations of lactic acid tested at the start of the test were < 0.005, 0.020–0.065, 0.44–0.62, 1.45–1.74 g/L. According to the calculated time-weighted mean (see formula below from the OECD guideline 211: TWM = (conc0 – conc1)/(LN(conc0) – (LN(conc1))) the concentrations which should be used for effect calculations are 31 mg/L, 533 mg/L, and 1620 mg/L. The EC50 and the NOEC from the test report have to be regarded as invalid, as they were calculated on the basis of nominal values. Concerning the NOEC of 1.9 g/L, the replicates with the test concentration of 1.9 g/L were not verified analytically. Therefore, no conclusion on the actual concentration can be drawn. However, the next lower concentration was assessed analytically, revealing that the NOEC is above 533 mg/L (time-weighted mean of the measured lactic acid concentration).

Description of key information

By way of read-across from lactic acid and calcium chloride, it is concluded that Calcium (S)-lactate is non-toxic to algae. No effects occurred up to the highest test concentration.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
533 mg/L

Additional information

Calcium (S)-lactate fully dissociates into Ca2+ ions and lactate. The ecotoxicology of Calcium (S)-lactate can thus be understood in terms of the ecotoxicology of calcium chloride and lactic acid.

The NOEC (72 h) > 533 mg lactate/L (measured TWA; Hanstveit, 1992)

Experiments were performed in buffered solutions; i.e., the adjusted pH of the algal medium containing different test substance concentrations (pH 7.5–8.0 at the start of the test) remained largely constant (pH 8.0–8.1, pH 8.2–8.7 in the presence of algae) during the tests. Effects can be therefore assigned to lactate since lowering pH as a result of administration of lactic acid was compensated.

For calcium chloride, the ErC50 (72 h, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) is > 4000 mg/L (> 36.0 M).

Based on the derived threshold values from both studies, the substance would neither be classified as acutely nor chronically toxic to algae and cyanobacteria in accordance with the EU CLP Regulation.

This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance. For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.