Calcium (S)-2-hydroxypropionate

Acute Toxicity: inhalation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1987-04-11 to 1987-12-23

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1987

Report date:

1987

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)

Version / remarks:

1981

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

L-(+)-lactic acid

EC Number:

201-196-2

EC Name:

L-(+)-lactic acid

Cas Number:

79-33-4

Molecular formula:

C3H6O3

IUPAC Name:

(2S)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of the test material: SY-83
- Batch/Lot No.: AP6853
- Purity: 80-85%
- Storage conditions: room temperature

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Fischer 344

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Male and female Fischer 344 rats were obtained from Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Raleigh, North Carolina. Upon arrival, animals were quarantined for approximately 21days. Stringent disease control procedures were followed during quarantine to assure the use of healthy animals. Rats were observed for signs of illness. The animals were judged to be healthy prior to utilization in this study and were 9-10 weeks old at initiation of exposure.
Animals were housed in an AAAIAC-accredited facility with a controlled environment. The temperature range was 71 ± 5 °F, while the humidity range was 50 ± 22% with a brief excursion down to 18% during one day. The light cycle was maintained on a 12 hour light/dark cycle. Rats were individually housed in polycarbonate cages with filter tops and automatic watering devices. Corn-cob bedding was used, and animals had free access to certified laboratory rodent chow which had been analyzed for environmental contaminants. Water and food were provided ad libitum, except during exposure.

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

inhalation: aerosol

Type of inhalation exposure:

nose only

Vehicle:

air

Details on inhalation exposure:

Atmosphere Generation:
A collision nebulizer (BGI Industries) was used to generate the aerosol. Compressed air was attached to the generator and the output from the aerosol was directed into a 4 litter dilution jar. Room air was allowed to dilute the aerosol before it was drawn into the exposure module under vacuum. A continuous, dynamic exposure to aerosolized test material was achieved with the nose-only exposure units. The air flow in the exposure module was adjusted to approximately 5 L/min using a calibrated rotameter and was periodically monitored during exposure. The exposure module consisted of a 360 ml cylindrical chamber mounted horizontally with an inlet, outlet and sampling port. Sampling of the test atmosphere was done from a sampling port situated on the side of the exposure module. Samples from the exposure module were taken for gravimetric and particle size determinations. Determinations of oxygen content could not be performed due to a malfunction of the oxygen sensor.
Conditions for animal exposures:
Rats were held in cylindrical tubes which aligned the heads of the animals with the conical shaped openings on the exposure chamber. The nose of each animal protruded into the chamber for nose-only inhalation. The animals were held in place by a soft sponge which served as a plunger in the cylinder and prevented the animal from turning or backing out. Five rats were restrained on each side of the exposure module (males on one side, females on the other) as diagrammed in Figure l of Appendix B. All rats of each concentration level were exposed at the same time.
Determination of aerosol concentration and particle size distribution:
Gravimetric determinations were made by pre-weighing a 24 mm diameter Whatman glass-fiber filter (GF/A), placing the filter in a filter holder, and connecting the filter to the sampling port of the exposure module. Air samples were drawn through the filter using a vacuum supply regulated by a flow meter. Flow rates were set 0.5 L/min and a sampling time of 4-8 min was used. The concentration of aerosol present in the chamber was calculated by the difference in weight of the filter divided by the volume of air sampled. Seven separate determinations were made, and a time-weighted average was calculated for the total aerosol concentration.

Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:

yes

Remarks:

Gravimetric, using a filter interception

Duration of exposure:

4 h

Concentrations:

7.94 mg/L

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

yes

Details on study design:

Five male and five female rats were exposed to a nominal concentration of 7.94 mg/L of aerosolized test material for 4 hours. Analysis of at least three filter samples was performed to determine the purity of test material in the exposure module. The exposure atmosphere was also sampled to determine particle size distribution. A sham control group of 5 male and 5 female rats was used and was exposed to air alone for 4 hours. Animals were weighed prior to treatment and at weekly intervals thereafter. The animals were observed for mortality and pharmacotoxicity signs during exposure, at l and 3 hours following exposure and once daily thereafter for 14 days. Survival was recorded for each group. Complete necropsies were performed on all animals on day 15 of the study. At necropsy, all organs showing gross lesions, if any, were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Histopathology was not performed.

Results and discussion

Effect levels

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect level:

> 7.94 mg/L air

Based on:

test mat.

Exp. duration:

4 h

Mortality:

1 female died.

Clinical signs:

other: Please refer to box "Any other information on results incl. tables".

Body weight:

At the beginning of the study, mean body weicihts for individual groups were within 20% of the overall mean for each sex. All groups of male rats gained weight within the first week after exposure in comparison to pre-exposure weights (3% for sham-exposed, 2< for L(+)-lactic acid,respectively). Female rats in the sham group gained weight during the first week after exposure (less than 1%). Female rats in the treated group lost weight during the first week after exposure (7%). After 14 days, all surviving animals had gained weight in comparison to pre-exposure weights (14% for males, 7% for females). No significant differences were observed in body weight between treated and control groups.

Gross pathology:

All surviving animals were necropsied at the termination of the study. The animal that died during the study was necropsied immediately. No gross lesions were observed at necropsy.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Clinical signs:

Rapid breathing and eye tearing were observed during exposure. At one and three hours after exposure, all animals (including the sham controls) had a hunched posture, ruffled and ungroomed fur, brown stained fur and red-stained fur surrounding the eyes (tearing). By 24 hours, female treated rats had ruffled and stained coats. All other animals appeared normal at 24 hours and for the remainder of the 14 day observation period. Several treated female rats continued to have ruffled fur up to 4 days after exposure.

Mass Median Diameter:

The Mass Median Diameters ranged from 2.03 to 2.14 microns and averaged 2.09.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

other: CLP criteria not met

Conclusions:

Based on these results, the LC50 of L(+)-lactic acid is greater than 7.94 mg/L.

Executive summary:

In an acute inhalation toxicity study according to OECD 403, groups of young adult F344 rats (5/sex/dose) were exposed by inhalation route to L(+)-lactic acid in a concentration of approximately 7.94 mg/L for 4 hours.

Rapid breathing and eye tearing were observed during exposure. At one and three hours after exposure, all animals (including the sham controls) had a hunched posture, ruffled and ungroomed fur, brown stained fur and red-stained fur surrounding the eyes (tearing). After 24 hours, female treated rats had ruffled and stained coats. All other animals appeared normal at 24 hours and for the remainder of the 14 day observation period. Several treated female rats continued to have ruffled fur up to 4 days after exposure. One female rat from the treated group died on day 9. All other animals survived until the end of the study. At gross pathology no adverse lesions were observed.

Based on these results, the LC50 of L(+)-lactic acid is greater than 7.94 mg/L.

This acute inhalation study is classified as acceptable. It does satisfy the guideline requirement for an acute inhaltion study (OECD TG 403) in rats.