Registration Dossier
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 203-570-0 | CAS number: 108-30-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 72 hours
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP compliant study conducted according to OECD guideline 201 (2006)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. certificate)
Test material
Reference
- Name:
- Unnamed
- Type:
- Constituent
- Details on test material:
- Batch number - LPBS2A2005Appearance- white, crystalline, odourless powder
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):Not applicable
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- At the start and at the end of the incubation period, samples of the test media were drawn and the concentrations of the test substance were determined in aliquots of the blank containing test substance, but no algae; of one replicate of each of the test and control cultures (the 72 hours samples were filtered through a 0.20 µm filter)One sample was taken of each of the above listed aliquots and immediately analysed in duplicate by HPLC
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- First experiment - A stock solution with a nominal test substance concentration of 111 mg/L was prepared by dissolving 111.4 mg test substance in 1 L of nutrient medium by stirring for 5 minutes. Aliquots of this stock solution were diluted with nutrient medium to obtain lower concentrations.Second experiment - A stock solution with a nominal test substance concentration of 111 mg/L was prepared by dissolving 111.2 mg test substance in 1 L of nutrient medium by manual homegenisation. The pH of the stock solution (4.05) was adjusted with 0.1 M NaOH to the pH of nutrient medium (7.46). Afterwards the stock solution was filtrated (0.2 µm, Minisart, Sartorius) to maintain sterile conditions.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerly Selenastrum capricornutum) ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) 22662, obtained from LGC Promochem GmbH, Mercatorstraße 51, 46485 Wesel A Rhein, Germany.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not applicable
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Not applicable
- Test temperature:
- The temperature was stable throughout the test periods (22-23 °C) in both of the experiments.
- pH:
- First experiment: The pH was between 4.2 and 7.5 at the start of the incubation in the test cultures and it was 7.4 in the control cultures. After 72 hours of incubation the pH was between 4.3 and 7.6 in the test cultures and it was 7.4 in the control cultures.Second experiment: The pH was between 7.3 and 7.5 at the start of the incubation, the pH was 7.3 in the control cultures. At the end of the test the pH was between 8.4 and 9.5 in the test cultures and it was 9.2 in the control cultures.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not applicable
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- First experiment - nominal concs. - control, 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 6.30, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L. The limit of quantification of the analytical method was 3.55 mg/L, therefore the four lowest nominal concentrations could not be analysed. Geometric mean measured concs in the remaining test media were 6.20, 13.96, 23.5, 50.41 and 96.37 mg/LSecond experiment - nominal concs. - control, 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 6.30, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L. The limit of quantification of the analytical method was 3.55 mg/L, therefore the four lowest nominal concentrations could not be analysed. Geometric mean measured concs in the remaining test media were 4.47, 11.9, 24.02, 45.96 and 110.47 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- At the onset of the experiments the cell concentration in the preculture was determined and the inoculum was prepared by diluting an appropriate volume of the preculture with nutrient medium to give a calculated cell concentration of 10exp5 cells/mL.All test cultures and the blanks were set up in 250 mL conical glass flasks (Erlenmeyer). The total culture volume was 100 mL.Each test substance culture consisted of 10 mL inoculum (10exp5 algae/mL) and of 90 mL of the respective test substance preparation.The blanks without algae contained 90 mL of the undiluted stock solution and 10 mL of nutrient medium.The negative control cultures contained 10 mL of inoculum and 90 mL of nutrient medium.All cultures and the blank were incubated at 21 - 24 (± 2) °C for three days in permanent light. In the first experiment the light intensity was between 5250 and 5980 lux with a maximum deviation from the mean light intensity of 8 %. In the second experiment the light intensity was between 6040 and 6960 lux with a maximum deviation of 7 %. For each experiment three replicate cultures were incubated for each test substance concentration and six replicates for the control.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- No change in the colour of the media and no precipitation of test substance was noted during the incubation period of the experiments.Microscopic evaluation of the inoculum at the start of the test revealed normal appearance of the algae in both experiments. At the end of the test morphological changes of the algae (disruption of cell membranes) were observed in the group containing the highest test substance concentration in the first experiment. All other test cultures showed normal appearance of the algae at the end of the test.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The last reference test with K2Cr2O7 was conducted from the 21st to the 24th of June 2010 with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata to evaluate the reliability of the test conditions. The 72 hour EC50 for growth rate and yield were 1.32 and 0.62 mg K2Cr2O7/L, respectively. These results establish the reliability of the test procedures for this kind of study type.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The mean yield of the test cultures is expressed as percentage of the mean yield of the control cultures and from this the percentage inhibition in yield is calculated. The logarithms of the substance concentrations are then plotted against the corresponding percent inhibition. The EyC50 for the 72 h incubation period is taken from the intercept of this curve with the parallel drawn to the abscissa at 50 % inhibition.Based on the yield as well as on the average growth rates two "lowest observed effective concentrations" (LOECs) are calculated for each experiment by comparison of the data of the three replicates of each test substance culture with the negative control (analysis of variance, followed by the Scheffé-test, P = 0.05). The "no observed effect concentrations" (NOECs) are then derived from these results (highest concentration with no statistically significant difference to the control).
Any other information on results incl. tables
Measured concentrations in the two experiments
Nominal concentration (mg/L) | Measured concentrations (mg/L) | Geometric mean (mg/L) | |
0 hours | 72 hours | ||
First experiment | |||
Control | <QL | <QL | - |
0.39 | <QL | <QL | - |
0.78 | <QL | <QL | - |
1.56 | <QL | <QL | - |
3.13 | <QL | <QL | - |
6.30 | 6.77 | 5.36 | 6.02 |
12.5 | 13.88 | 14.05 | 13.96 |
25 | 25.18 | 21.93 | 23.50 |
50 | 50.75 | 50.07 | 50.41 |
100 | 99.08 | 93.73 | 96.37 |
100 (blank, no algae) | 99.30 | 98.22 | 98.76 |
Second experiment | |||
Control | <QL | <QL | - |
0.39 | <QL | <QL | - |
0.78 | <QL | <QL | - |
1.56 | <QL | <QL | - |
3.13 | <QL | <QL | - |
6.30 | 4.02 | 4.98 | 4.47 |
12.50 | 12.56 | 11.28 | 11.90 |
25.0 | 23.64 | 24.41 | 24.02 |
50.0 | 47.94 | 44.06 | 45.96 |
100 | 123.11 | 99.12 | 110.47 |
100 (blank, no algae) | 97.87 | 88.98 | 93.32 |
QL: Quantification limit of the analytical method used (355 mg/L)
Mean yield, average specific growth rates and percent inhibition
Nominal concentration (mg/L) | Yield (10000 cells/mL) | Growth rate (per day) | % inhibition | |||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Yield | Growth rate | |
First experiment | ||||||
Control | 763.2 | 167.9 | 1.44 | 0.07 | - | - |
0.39 | 1066.3 | 425.5 | 1.54 | 0.13 | -39.9 | -6.9 |
0.78 | 1032.4 | 220.5 | 1.54 | 0.07 | -35.4 | -7.0 |
1.56 | 692.1 | 275.6 | 1.40 | 0.15 | 9.2 | 3.1 |
3.13 | 727.2 | 232.5 | 1.42 | 0.12 | 4.6 | 1.5 |
6.3 | 883.8 | 85.3 | 1.50 | 0.03 | -15.9 | -3.8 |
12.5 | 950.0 | 439.7 | 1.50 | 0.15 | -24.6 | -4.0 |
25 | 1048.6 | 252.4 | 1.55 | 0.08 | -37.6 | -7.3 |
50 | 89.9 | 79.1 | 0.65 | 0.38 | 88.2 | 54.7 |
100 | -0.8 | 6.8 | -0.15 | 0.42 | 100.1 | 110.5 |
Second experiment | ||||||
Control | 1087.5 | 86.0 | 1.57 | 0.03 | - | - |
0.39 | 1224.9 | 145.9 | 1.60 | 0.04 | -12.6 | -2.5 |
0.78 | 1328.4 | 175.4 | 1.63 | 0.04 | -22.2 | -4.2 |
1.56 | 1065.3 | 63.2 | 1.56 | 0.02 | 2.0 | 0.4 |
3.13 | 1188.2 | 80.6 | 1.59 | 0.02 | -9.3 | -1.9 |
6.3 | 1015.7 | 128.5 | 1.54 | 0.04 | 6.6 | 1.5 |
12.5 | 1109.0 | 218.4 | 1.57 | 0.07 | -2.0 | -0.2 |
25 | 938.6 | 97.4 | 1.52 | 0.04 | 13.7 | 3.1 |
50 | 1231.5 | 268.9 | 1.60 | 0.08 | -13.2 | -2.3 |
100 | 1234.7 | 184.6 | 1.61 | 0.05 | -13.5 | -2.6 |
Negative figures for inhibition indicate algal growth.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Algae were exposed over a 72 hour period to succinic acid at nominal concentrations of 0 (control), 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L.The pH of the medium was ranged between 7.4 and 7.5 at the start of the exposure period. Concentrations of succinic acid were verified analytically at test initiation and termination. The limit of quantification for succinic acid was 3.55 mg/L, therefore the concentrations of the four lowest test media were not quantified.Geometric mean measured concentrations of the remaining test media were 4.47, 11.9, 24.02, 45.96 and 110.47 mg/L.Based on the nominal exposure concentration both the 72-hour EyC50and ErC50were determined to be >100 mg/L with corresponding NOECs of 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
Two 72 hour algal inhibition experiments were conducted with succinic acid and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata according to the OECD 203 guideline.
In the first experiment algae were exposed over a 72 hour period to succinic acid at nominal concentrations of 0 (control), 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L. pH ranged from 4.2 in the 100 mg/L treatment to 7.5 in the 0.39 mg/L treatment in a dose response relationship. Concentrations of succinic acid were verified analytically at test initiation and termination. The limit of quantification for succinic acid was 3.55 mg/L, therefore the concentrations of the four lowest test media were not quantified. Geometric mean measured concentrations of the remaining test media were 6.02, 13.96, 23.5, 50.41 and 96.37 mg/L. Based on nominal exposure concentrations the 72-hour EyC50was determined to be 40.7 mg/L with a corresponding NOEC of with 25 mg/L. The 72-hour ErC50was determined to be 46.8 mg/L with a corresponding NOEC of with 25 mg/L.
In the second experiment algae were exposed over a 72 hour period to succinic acid at nominal concentrations of 0 (control), 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L.
The pH of the medium was ranged between 7.4 and 7.5 at the start of the exposure period.Concentrations of succinic acid were verified analytically at test initiation and termination. The limit of quantification for succinic acid was 3.55 mg/L, therefore the concentrations of the four lowest test media were not quantified.Geometric mean measured concentrations of the remaining test media were 4.47, 11.9, 24.02, 45.96 and 110.47 mg/L.
Based on the nominal exposure concentration both the 72-hour EyC50and ErC50were determined to be >100 mg/L with corresponding NOECs of 100 mg/L.Based on the fact that the effects seen in the first experiment were influenced by the pH change the most appropriate endpoint to use for the assessment of succinic acid toxicity is the 72 hour ErC50value of >100 mg/L obtained in the study with pH adjustment.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

Route: .live2