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EC number: 266-007-8 | CAS number: 65996-74-9 The oxidized surface of steel produced during reheating, conditioning, hot rolling, and hot forming operations. This substance is usually removed by process waters used for descaling, roll and material cooling, and other purposes. It is subsequently recovered by gravity separation techniques. Composed primarily of high-purity iron oxides. May contain varying amounts of other oxides, elements, and trace compounds.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian cell study: DNA damage and/or repair
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: DNA damage and/or repair
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Mill scale is mainly and primarily composed of high-purity iron oxides (on average above 65%, i.e. FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4). Besides, other metal oxides and spinels, elements, and trace compounds such as oil residues <1% for all the uses except for batteries and Melting charge for which <3% can be found in the mill scale. More information on the justification of read across can be found in the attached document in the endpoint summarie of section 7.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Hematite (Fe2O3) enhances benzo[alpha]pyrene genotoxicity in endotracheally treated rat, as determined by Comet Assay.
- Author:
- Garry S, Nesslany F, Aliouat EM, Haguenoer JM, and Marzin D.
- Year:
- 2 003
- Bibliographic source:
- Mutation Research, 538: 19-29
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE; Comet Assay) was used to measure DNA single-strand breaks in four cell types (alveolar macrophages, lung cells, peripheral lymphocytes and hepatocytes) of rats after endotracheal administration of a single dose of an iron oxide (hematite; Fe2O3).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- It is not customary to refer to GLP compliance in publications
- Type of assay:
- mammalian comet assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Diiron trioxide
- EC Number:
- 215-168-2
- EC Name:
- Diiron trioxide
- Cas Number:
- 1309-37-1
- Molecular formula:
- Fe2O3
- IUPAC Name:
- diiron trioxide
- Reference substance name:
- iron(III) oxide
- IUPAC Name:
- iron(III) oxide
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): hematite (purchased from Merck, Nogent-sur-Marne, France)
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): Fe2O3
- Physical state: solid; particle size of 1 µm
- Analytical purity: >98%
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: endotracheal administration
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- non relevant;endotracheal instillation, once performed
- Frequency of treatment:
- single dose
- Post exposure period:
- 24h
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0.75 mg (about 3.75 mg/kg bw) suspended in 0.15 ml saline; only one dose tested
Basis:
other: dose administered endotracheally
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 3
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
Examinations
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- alveolar macrophages, lung cells, peripheral lymphocytes (venous blood) and hepatocytes
Results and discussion
Test results
- Sex:
- male
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Remarks:
- for all cell types
- Toxicity:
- no effects
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- not examined
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): negative
Induction of DNA breaks by the iron oxide after endotracheal administration to rats, was not observed in any of the four cell types tested. - Executive summary:
The alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE; Comet Assay) was used to measure DNA single-strand breaks in four cell types (alveolar macrophages, lung cells, peripheral lymphocytes and hepatocytes) of OFA Sprague–Dawley rats 24 h after endotracheal administration of a single dose of an iron oxide (hematite; Fe2O3) (0.75 mg/animal; about 3.75 mg/kg bw). No statistically significant damage was observed in alveolar macrophages, lung cells, peripheral lymphocytes and hepatocytes from endotracheally treated rats, compared to the controls.
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