Phthalic acid

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Basic data given

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: Static acute toxicity test

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test organisms (species):

other: Chironomus plumosus (aquatic)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 72 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method is following the procedures described in the MIC Environmental Assessment Method for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests with
Daphnia magna (Grueber and Adams, 1980) Environmental Sciences Report ES-80-M-6), and
Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests with fish, macroinvertebrates and amphibians (U.S. EPA (1975) EPA 660/3-75-009).

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC0

Effect conc.:

>= 640 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 640 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

The original pH of the 640 mg/l stock solution was 3.01 and
afterwards raised with NaOH.

Executive summary:

A test on the acute toxicity to Daphnia magna was performed according to "Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests" with fish, macroinvertebrates and amphibians of the US EPA. For a test period of 48 hours an EC50 value of > 640 mg/l was obtained (Adams, 1986).

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

3 (not reliable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

significant methodological deficiencies

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 6341 (Water quality - Determination of the Inhibition of the Mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea))

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

140 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

The value of 140 mg/l represents the median between the concentration of
  180 mg/l where all daphnia were immobile or died in 24h and the
  concentration of 100 mg/l where all daphnia survieved.    
Effect endpoint (E(L)C): immobilization and/or mortality.
Range of test concentrations is not reported.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

3 (not reliable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

significant methodological deficiencies

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: other: static bioassay

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

IC50

Effect conc.:

4 900 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

The IC50-values (mol/l) at 24 h were calculated from the 
dose-response  relationships using the least-squares regression analysis. 
The corresponding IC50-values at different pH: 
pH 6.0:  4370 mg/l
pH 7.8:  4900 mg/l
pH 9.0:  6460 mg/l    
These toxicity data or methods, respectively, 
have been reported  previously.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

3 (not reliable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

significant methodological deficiencies

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: static bioassay

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test organisms (species):

other aquatic crustacea: Thamnocephalus platyurus

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

220 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Effect endpoint (E(L)C): immobilization and/or mortality.
Range of test concentrations is not reported.

Reference 6

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

secondary literature

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: static bioassay

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Test type:

static

Water media type:

other: reconstituted hard water

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Test temperature:

22 °C

pH:

pH 6.0-9.0

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

other: log 1/IC50

Effect conc.:

1.58 mol/L

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

other: log 1/IC50

Effect conc.:

1.53 mol/L

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

other: log 1/IC50

Effect conc.:

1.41 mol/L

Endpoint of effect: immobilization
Range of test concentrations is not reported.

Description of key information

A test on the acute toxicity to Daphnia magna was performed according to "Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests" with fish, macroinvertebrates and amphibians of the US EPA. For a test period of 48 hours an EC50 value of > 640 mg/l was obtained (Adams, 1986).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect concentration:

640 mg/L

Additional information

Toxicity towards invertebtrates was performed according to “Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests” with fish, macroinvertebrates and amphibians of the US EPA. For a test period of 48 hours an EC50 value of > 640 mg/l was obtained (Adams, 1986).To exclude adverse effects by pH, the test solution was adjusted with NaOH to pH 7.9 - 8.8.