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Environmental fate & pathways

Phototransformation in air

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Reference
Endpoint:
phototransformation in air
Type of information:
(Q)SAR
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2017
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
accepted calculation method
Justification for type of information:
QSAR calculation: detailed information see "any other information on materials and methods" and "any other information on results"
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Estimation Program Interface EPI-Suite version 4.11: AOPWIN (v1.92) for the estimation of the atmospheric half-lives for organic compounds based upon average atmospheric concentrations of hydroxyl radicals and ozone.
The Estimation Program Interface was developed by the US Environmental Agency's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, and Syracuse Research Corporation (SRC). © 2000 - 2012 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for EPI SuiteTM (Published online in November 2012).
GLP compliance:
no
Estimation method (if used):
PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION WITH OH RADICALS
- sensitiser for indirect photolysis: OH radicals
- Concentration of OH radicals: 0.5 E6 OH/cm³, 24 h
% Degr.:
50
Sampling time:
12.97 d
DT50:
12.97 d
Test condition:
OH radical reaction

1) Defined Endpoint: Rate constant for the atmospheric, gas-phase reaction between photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and organic chemicals at 25°C.

2) Unambiguous algorithm: The molecule is separated into distinct fragments. The reaction rate constant for hydroxyl radicals are the summation of the following mechanisms:

Hydrogen Abstraction = 0.0000 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

Reaction with N, S and -OH = 0.0400 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

Addition to Triple Bonds =0.0000 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

Addition to Olefinic Bonds = 0.0000 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

**Addition to Aromatic Rings = 0.1970 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

Addition to Fused Rings = 0.0000 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

** Designates Estimation(s) Using ASSUMED Value(s)

As depending on the structure of the substance, OH-radicals generally react by one or more of the above mentioned pathways, the result of 0.0000 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec for each mechanism indicate that these mechanisms are not relevant for the substance of interest. An "assumed value" is applied, showing that a structure fragment that has not been assigned a numeric value by the developer of the estimation methods used by AOPWIN or derived explicitly from experimental values.

OH Addition to Aromatic Rings Calculation:

Es+ = sp+(-C(=O)-OH) + sm+(-C(=O)-OH) + = 0.743

Es+ = sm+(-C(=O)-OH) + sp+(-C(=O)-OH) + = 0.743

Es+ = sp+(-C(=O)-OH) + sm+(-C(=O)-OH) + = 0.743

Es+ = sm+(-C(=O)-OH) + sp+(-C(=O)-OH) + = 0.743

Most negative Es+ = 0.743

Log Kar = -11.71 - 1.34(Es+) cm3/molecule-sec

Ring #1 Kar = 0.1970 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

TOTAL Kar = 0.1970 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

Note: The bimolecular rate constant karom is expressed as Kar by the program.

3) Applicability domain:

Currently there is no universally accepted definition of model domain.

Due to the fragment-based approach of AOPWIN, estimation is adequate as the fragments present in the molecule are available in the list of all fragment and reaction values provided by the program.

4) Statistical characteristics:

The correlation includes 667 compounds; most experimental values containing a "less than" sign (<) were excluded.

correlation coefficient (r²) 0.963; standard deviation (sd in log units) 0.218; absolute mean error (me) 0.127

5) Mechanistic interpretation:

The reaction values and fragments for the reaction with OH-radicals used as descriptors reflect the most important mechanisms of indirect phototransformation processes possible in the troposphere.

Adequacy of prediction:

The estimation rules applied for the substance appears appropriate.

The predicted result for phthalic acid can be considered reliable yielding a useful result for further assessment.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
not applicable
Conclusions:
The calculated half-life of phthalic acid by photodegradation in air was 12.970 days with an Overall OH rate constant of 1.2370 E-12 cm³/molecule-sec.The estimation rules applied for the substance appears appropriate.
The predicted result for phthalic acid can be considered reliable yielding a useful result for further assessment.
Executive summary:

The indirect photodegradation in air was calculated with the Estimation Program Interface EPI-Suite version 4.11.The estimated half-life of phthalic acid was 12.970 days with an Overall OH rate constant of 1.2370 E-12 cm³/molecule-sec.

The estimation rules applied for the substance appears appropriate.

The predicted result for phthalic acid can be considered reliable yielding a useful result for further assessment.

The calculated value refers to the unaffected molecule. Any decomposition (e.g. hydrolysis) of the substance is not taken into account by the program.

Description of key information

Calculated with AOP Program v1.91 of EPI-Suite the half-life of phthalic acid was 12.7 days related to the atmospheric oxidation (Bayer Industry Services 2004).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Half-life in air:
12.7 d

Additional information

As no data on phototransfromation in air are available, the rate constant for the atmospheric gas-phase reaction between photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and organic chemicals is estimated with the Atmospheric Oxidation Program (AOPWIN) of US Environmental Protection Agency. The rate constant is then used to calculate the atmospheric half-life. A 24-hour day and an OH radical conc. of 500,000 OH/cm3 are assumed for calculation.