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Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
22.77 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
569.2 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
NOAECcorr = NOAELoral*(1/0.38 m³/kg bw/day)*(ABSoral-rat/ABSinh-human)*(6.7 m³ (8h)/10 m³ (8h)) = 645.6 mg/kg bw/day*(1/0.38 m³/kg bw/day)*0.67*(0.5/1) = 569.2 mg/m³. It is assumed that oral absorption rate is 50% of that of inhalation absorption. ABSoral-rat=oral absorption rate in rats, ABSinh-human=inhalation absorption rate in humans.
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEC
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a subchronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
AF not used for inhalation route
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
Default AF for workers
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on a high-quality study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
By inhalation
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
64.6 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
100
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
6 456 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
NOAELcorr = NOAELoral*(ABSoral-rat/ABSdermal-human) = (645.6 mg/kg bw/day)*(1/0.1) = 6456 mg/kg bw/day. It is assumed that the dermal absorption rate is 10% of that of the oral absorption according to ECHA CSA Guidance Chapter R.7c Figure R.7.12-5. ABSoral-rat=oral absorption rate in rats, ABSdermal-human=dermal absorption rate in humans.
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a subchronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
Default AF for rats
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
Default AF for workers
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on a high-quality study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no DNEL required: short term exposure controlled by conditions for long-term
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - workers

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
5.61 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
50
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
280.7 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
NOAECcorr = NOAELoral*(1/1.15 m³/kg bw/day)*(ABSoral-rat/ABSinh-human) = 645.6 mg/kg bw/day*(1/1.15)*(0.5/1)= 280.7 mg/m³. It is assumed that oral absorption rate is 50% of that of inhalation absorption. ABSoral-rat=oral absorption rate in rats, ABSinh-human=inhalation absorption rate in humans.
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEC
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a subchronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
AF not used for the inhalation route
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default AF for the general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on a high-quality study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
By inhalation
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
32.3 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
200
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
6 456 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
NOAELcorr = NOAELoral*(ABSoral-rat/ABSdermal-human) = (645.6 mg/kg bw/day)*(1/0.1) = 6456 mg/kg bw/day. It is assumed that the dermal absorption rate is 10% of that of the oral absorption according to ECHA CSA Guidance Chapter R.7c Figure R.7.12-5. ABSoral-rat=oral absorption rate in rats, ABSdermal-human=dermal absorption rate in humans.
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a subchronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
Default AF for rats
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default AF for the general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on a high-quality study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no DNEL required: short term exposure controlled by conditions for long-term
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
3.23 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
200
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
645.6 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
NOAELcorr = NOAELoral*(ABSoral-rat/ABSdermal-human) = (645.6 mg/kg bw/day)*(1/1) = 645.6 mg/kg bw/day. It is assumed that the oral absorption rate is 100% as a worst case assessment.
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a subchronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
Default AF for rats
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default AF for the general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on a high-quality study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - General Population