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EC number: 205-488-0 | CAS number: 141-53-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 35.26 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 881.58 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The relevant NOAEL is taken from the oral 2 -generation study in rats with sodium formate, which gave a NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. For workers, the corrected inhalatory NOAEC would be [1000 mg/kg bw/d * (1/sRVrat) * (Oral absorbance in the rat/Inhalatory absorbance in humans) * (sRVhuman/wRV)] = [1000 mg/ kg bw/d * (1/0.38 m^3/kg bw/d) * (50%/100%) * (6.7m^3)/10m^3)]
This gives a modified NOAEC for assessment of the inhalatory effects of 881.58 mg/m^3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: a NOAEL from a reliable study is used as a starting point
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- A default value of 2 is used to extrapolate from a sub-chronic study to long-term exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required: already taken into account in adjustment of the starting point
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic interspecies differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: no signficant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 10 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
A NOAEL is based on the 2-generation oral study in rats with sodium formate. The value corresponded to a NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. It is considered that the oral absorption is equal to the dermal absorption (default, worst-case assumption). This gives a modified dermal NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No adjustments are necessary as the starting point is from a NOAEL in a reliable study
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- An assessment factor of 2 is used to extrapolate from a sub-chronic study to long-term exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value: starting point is from a study in the rat
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics interspecies differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: good qualuty database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
The NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d from a reproductive/fertility study where dosing was conducted orally for at least 90 days is considered to be the relevant starting point for DNEL derivation.
Following the default assumption that inhalation absorption is twice the oral absorption, the inhalatory modified dose descriptor starting point of 881.58 mg/m3 is derived for workers based on 10 m3/8 hour period and 70 kg body weight.
Following the assumption that the dermal absorption is equal to the oral absorption, the modified dose descriptor starting point of 1000 mg/kg bw/day is relevant for dermal DNEL derivation.
The use of assessment factors according to REACH guidance is considered below:
Intraspecies differences (allometric scaling): a default assessment factor of 4 is used as starting point is derived from a rat study, where appropriate.
Intraspecies differences (remaining differences): a default assessment factor of 2.5 is used.
Interspecies differences: a default assessment factor of 5 is used for workers
Duration: an additional assessment factor of 2 is used long-term DNEL values as the starting point is derived from a subchronic study
Dose-response: a default assessment of 1 is used as the original study is reliable.
Database quality: a default assessment factor of 1 is used
Sodium formate is of low acute toxicity and is not classified for acute toxicity by any route of exposure. No hazard is identified and short-term systemic DNELs are not required.
Sodium formate is not a skin irritant or sensitiser. Local dermal DNELs are not required in the absence of any hazard.
Sodium formate is not a respiratory irritant or sensitiser. Local inhalation DNELs are not required in the absence of any hazard.
Long-term systemic dermal DNEL
The derivation of dermal DNEL values assumes dermal absorption is equal to oral absorption. Applying the overall assessment factor of 100 for workers to the modified starting point of 1000 mg/kg bw/d gives a DNEL value of 10.00 mg/kg bw/d.
Long-term systemic inhalation DNEL
The derivation of inhalation DNEL values assumes that the extent of inhalation absorption is twice that of oral absorption.
Applying the overall assessment factor of 25 for workers to the modified starting point of 881.58 mg/m3 gives a DNEL value of 35.26 mg/m3 (assuming a bodyweight of 70 kg and a breathing rate of 10 m3/8h).
Hazard for the eyes
Sodium formate is classified for eye irritation (category 2) according to CLP 1272/2008. Based on ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, part E, Table 3-1, the hazard assessment is considered to be low.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8.7 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 434.78 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
A NOAEL is based on the 2-generation oral study in rats with sodium formate. The value corresponded to a NOAEL of 1000mg/kg bw/d. For the general population, the corrected inhalatory NOAEC would be [1000 mg/kg bw/d * (1/sRVrat) * (Oral absorbance in the rat/Inhalatory absorbance in human)] i.e. [1000 mg/ kg bw/d * (1/1.15 m^3/kg bw/d) * (50%/100%)].
This gives a modified NOAEC for assessment of the inhalatory effects as 434.78 mg/m^3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting point is a NOAEL from a reliable study
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default value as NOAEL used is based on a subchronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Use of allometric scaling is not appropriate when route to route extrapolation is used since the species differences are accounted for in the breathing adjustments in the calculation.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic interspecies differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
A NOAEL is based on the 2-generation study in rats with sodium formate. The value corresponded to a NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. The animals were dosed orally. It is considered that the oral absorption is equal to the dermal absorption. This gives a modified NOAEL for assessment of the dermal effects as 1000 mg/kg bw/d.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No adjustments are necessary as the starting point is a NOAEL from a relaible study
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default value as NOAEL used is based on a sub chronic study with dosing for at least 90 days
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value: starting point is from a study in the rat
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic interspecies differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
A NOAEL is based on the 2 generation oral study in rats with sodium formate. The value corresponded to a NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/day. Modification of the starting point is not required.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No adjustments are necessary as the starting point is a NOAEL from a reliable study
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default value as NOAEL used is based on a sub chronic study with dosing for at least 90 days
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value as the starting point is derived from a study in the rat
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic interspecies differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for the general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: no significant remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
The NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d from a reproductive/fertility study where dosing was conducted orally for at least 90 days is considered to be the relevant starting point for DNEL derivation.
Following the default assumption that inhalation absorption is twice the oral absorption, the inhalatory modified dose descriptor starting point of 434.78 mg/m3 is derived for the general population based on 20 m3/24 hour period and 60 kg body weight.
Following the assumption that the dermal absorption is equal to the oral absorption, the modified dose descriptor starting point of 1000 mg/kg bw/day is relevant for dermal DNEL derivation.
The use of assessment factors according to REACH guidance is considered below:
Intraspecies differences (allometric scaling): a default assessment factor of 4 is used as starting point is derived from a rat study, where appropriate.
Intraspecies differences (remaining differences): a default assessment factor of 2.5 is used.
Interspecies differences: a default assessment factor of 10 is used for the general population
Duration: an additional assessment factor of 2 is used long-term DNEL values as the starting point is derived from a subchronic study
Dose-response: a default assessment of 1 is used as the original study is reliable.
Database quality: a default assessment factor of 1 is used
Sodium formate is of low acute toxicity and is not classified for acute toxicity by any route of exposure. No hazard is identified and short-term systemic DNELs are not required.
Sodium formate is not a skin irritant or sensitiser. Local dermal DNELs are not required in the absence of any hazard.
Sodium formate is not a respiratory irritant or sensitiser. Local inhalation DNELs are not required in the absence of any hazard.
Long-term systemic dermal DNEL
The derivation of dermal DNEL values assumes dermal absorption is equal to oral absorption. Applying the overall assessment factor of 200 for the general population to the modified starting point of 1000 mg/kg bw/d gives a DNEL value of 5.0 mg/kg bw/d.
Long-term systemic inhalation DNEL
The derivation of inhalation DNEL values assumes that the extent of inhalation absorption is twice that of oral absorption. Applying the overall assessment factor of 50 for the general population to the modified starting point of 434.78 mg/m3gives a DNEL value of 8.70 mg/m3 (assuming a bodyweight of 60 kg and a breathing rate of 20 m3/24h).
Long term systemic oral DNEL
Applying the overall assessment factor of 200 for the general population to the modified starting point of 1000 mg/kg bw/d gives a DNEL value of 5.0 mg/kg bw/d.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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