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EC number: 205-488-0 | CAS number: 141-53-7
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- Appearance / physical state / colour
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
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- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
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- Additional toxicological data

Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: screening tests
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- secondary literature
- Remarks:
- Secondary quotation as cited in ECB IUCLID; original data not available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- COD determination:
1) U.S. standard procedure (dichromate method with Ag-ion)
2) German standard procedure (dichromate method without Ag-ion) - GLP compliance:
- no
- Parameter:
- COD
- Value:
- 216 - 239 mg O2/g test mat.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: screening tests
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Scientifically acceptable publication
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- "Standard methods for the Examination of Water, Sewage, and Industrial Wastes", 11th ed. (U.S. method)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: screening test, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Reliable compilation
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BOD5 Method: "Standard Dilution Method"
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: Sewage
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 5 d
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- 0.1 g O2/g test mat.
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- 0.04 g O2/g test mat.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 E (Ready biodegradability: Modified OECD Screening Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Initial conc.:
- 20 mg/L
- Based on:
- DOC
- Value:
- 92
- Sampling time:
- 21 d
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 302 B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 9 d
- Initial conc.:
- 300 mg/L
- Based on:
- DOC
- Value:
- 100
- Sampling time:
- 9 d
- Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- CL-Freetext:
inherently biodegradable - Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-A (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Die-Away Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Cited as Directive 92/69/EEC, C.4-A
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- DOC
- Value:
- 99.6
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: screening tests
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guideline 306 (Biodegradability in Seawater): Closed Bottle Test
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: non-specific marine microbiota (present in collected seawater)
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 22.13 mg/L
- Based on:
- act. ingr.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Remarks:
- (COD)
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Volume of test solution/treatment:
- Composition of medium: aged and decanted seawater, added mineral solutions according to guideline
- Additional substrate: no
- Solubilising agent (type and concentration if used): no
- Test temperature: 20°C±2.4°C
- pH adjusted: no
- Continuous darkness: yes
- Any indication of the test material adsorbing to the walls of the test apparatus: no
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: closed bottle
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: no
- Test performed in open system: no
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: sampled on day 0, 5, 15, and 28
- oxygen measurements: day 0, 5, 15, and 28 with an oximeter
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes
- Toxicity control: yes - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 7
- Sampling time:
- 5 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 74
- Sampling time:
- 15 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 86
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- - Activity in the reference control was satisfactory (> 50% after 5 days).
- Oxygen depletion in the blank did not exceed 30%. - Results with reference substance:
- Kinetic of control substance (in %):
82 after 5 day(s) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The inoculum control was degraded by 82% within 5 days, therefore the inoculum activity was satisfactory. Moreover, oxygen depletion in the inoculum blank did not exceed 30% oxygen of the oxygen in the test bottle. The test is therefore considered valid.
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Sodium formate is readily biodegradable (86% degradation, based on ThOD, over 28 days) (KM Lab, 1998).
- Executive summary:
The biodegradability of sodium formate in seawater was investigated via a ‘Biodegradability in Seawater (closed bottle)’ study (OECD Guideline 306), which showed 86% degradation (ThOD) over 28 days (KM Lab, 1998).
According to OECD Guidance, when a chemical attains more than 60% ThOD or more than 70% DOC removal in a Biodegradability in Seawater test (OECD 306) it can also be expected to fulfil the criteria for ready biodegradability, given that the degradation potential in seawater is normally lower than in freshwater tests (OECD, 2002). Sodium formate can therefore be regarded as readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: screening tests
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Scientifically acceptable publication
- Oxygen conditions:
- anaerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: anaerobic sediment microorganisms
Referenceopen allclose all
COD values given range from 216 mg/g to 237 mg/g for results with
dichromate method (with Ag-ion) following the U.S. standard procedure);
COD result for the dichromate method (without Ag-ion) following the German standard procedure for water,
sewage, and sludge evaluation: 239 mg/g
Results
Nitrogen source |
BOD [mg/L] after |
|||
|
3 d |
5 d |
10 d |
20 d |
NH3 |
0.4 |
2.0 |
5.4 |
4.8 |
NO3 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
5.4 |
5.4 |
Nitrate dilution water was prepared using an equivalent amount of nitrogen-nitrate instead of ammonia in the standard dilution water.
In tests using the Warburg respirometer, the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were increased in order to maintain a BOD:N:P ratio of 100:5:1.
Each BOD value represents an average of either three or five replicate tests.
Three series of standard dilution bottles were set up with each nitrogen source and 2, 4, or 6 mL of sewage per bottle.
Sodium formate was added in a 40 mg/L concentration. BOD values were obtained after 3, 5, 10, and 20 days incubation.
Two BOD5 values are listed for Na-formate in this compilation as found in the literature: 0.096 / 0.04 g/g
Huels AG Marl
Celanese Ltd Dallas TX
inoculum: activated sludge, domestic
Time |
Biodegradation (% BOD of ThOD) |
||
(days) |
Na benzoate |
Na formate |
Inhibition control (Na formate + Na benzoate) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
82 |
7 |
37 |
15 |
96 |
74 |
68 |
28 |
96 |
86 |
77 |
- Activity in the reference control was satisfactory (> 50% after 5 days).
- Oxygen depletion in the blank did not exceed 30%.
The mineralization kinetics of the low molecular fatty acids and glucose in anoxic sediment were as follows:
The Vmax values for mineralization of formate were 3 orders of magnitude higher (90.8 - 637 nmol/g/h) compared to the other compounds.
Turnover time varied according to substrate and temperature, ranging from 1.5 - 4.2 h for formate to up to 70 h for acetate without molybdate. Sulfate-reducing bacteria were found to account for a significant part of the mineralization potential and turnover.
Description of key information
Sodium formate is readily biodegradable (86% degradation, based on ThOD, over 28 days) (KM Lab, 1998).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
According to OECD Guidance, when a chemical attains more than 60% ThOD or more than 70% DOC removal in a Biodegradability in Seawater test (OECD 306) it can also be expected to fulfil the criteria for ready biodegradability, given that the degradation potential in seawater is normally lower than in freshwater tests (OECD, 2002). Sodium formate achieved 86% degradation (ThOD) over 28 days in a reliable OECD 306 study and can therefore be regarded as readily biodegradable (KM Lab, 1998).
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