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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods

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Description of key information

With high probability not harmful to terrestrial arthropods.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information

Data on the toxicity of the reaction mass of ammonium sulphate and potassium sulfate and sodium sulphate to soil macroorganisms are not available. Therefore the toxicity of single components of the reaction mass is evaluated separately. However no studies are available for the sodium sulphate or potassium sulfate. Based on the lack of toxicity found in studies with aquatic organisms and the fact that both sodium and potassium are essential elements for living organisms, they are not expected to be harmful to terrestrial arthropods. Therefore, ammonium sulphate toxicity was used for the assessment of terrestrial toxicity. Valid test results are available for two soil dwelling species, Collembola and Cryptostigmata (family Acarina, mites; Heneghan and Bolger, 1996, cited in OEC SIDS 2007). Ammonium sulphate, simulating acid rain, was deposited in monthly applications at total amount of 708 kg ammonium sulphate/ha/year to a field planted with Picea abies. The soil fauna was extracted and counted twice, at the end of years 1 and 2. In the first year evaluation, a significant increase of the numbers of Cryptostigmata in the organic layer to more than double of control level was detected. In the second year, the abundances of Cryptostigmata were still high, but the differences to control were not significant. On both occasions the numbers of Collembola in the organic and top 6 cm mineral layers were significantly increased relative to controls. These results indicate that soil fauna has little sensitivity to ammonium sulphate application. A valid test result is also available for the predacious diving beetle, Thermonactus basillaris (Apgar et al., 1985, cited in OECD SIDS 2007). Aerial application of ammonium sulphate to rice fields where floats containing the beetles were housed resulted in 4.4% beetle mortality following the application of 35.29 kg/ha of ammonium sulphate. This low percent of mortality at such a high dose confirms the low toxicity of ammonium sulphate to terrestrial arthropods.