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Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
15.8 µg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
12.5
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
0.08 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
0.197 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The calculation of the DNEL is based on an oral NOAEL observed in an oral combined repeated dose toxicity / carcinogenicity study (OECD 453; 2006).

To correct the interspecies difference between rat and human the no observed effect level has to be corrected as follows:

Corrected starting point for the inhalative route for workers:

= NOAEL(oral) * (1/0.38 m³/kg bw/day) * (ABSoral-rat/ABSinh-human) * 6.7 m³ (8h) /10 m³ (8h) * (days of exposure rats/days of exposure worker)

= 0.08 mg/kg bw/day * (1/0.38 m³/kg bw/day) * (1/1) * 0.67 m³ * 7/5= 0.197 mg/m³

As described in the ECHA Guidance R.8 (2012), it is assumed that inhalation absorption is 100%. In toxicokinetic studies with the test substance it was shown that the oral absorption is close to 100%.

(ABSoral-rat = oral absorption in rats, ABSinh-human = inhalation absorption rate in humans)

Thus, the corrected starting point for workers was 0.197 mg/m³ for inhalation.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a chronic study.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
AF not used for inhalation route.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
Default value for workers according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The default is based on a high-quality study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
By inhalation
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
46.7 µg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Dermal
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
300
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
10 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
14 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

A dermal repeated dose toxicity study (OECD 410) is available. Animals were exposed 7 days a week so a correction for a worker exposure week of 5 days is performed.

Dermal NOAEL = dermal NOAEL * (days of exposure rats / days of exposure worker) = 10 mg/kg bw/day * (7/5) = 14 mg/kg bw/day

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting poiont is based on a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a subacute study.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
The experimental animal was rat.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
Default value for workers according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a high-quality study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Dermal
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - workers

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
2.78 µg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
0.08 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
69.6 µg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The calculation of the DNEL is based on an oral NOAEL observed in an oral combined repeated dose toxicity / carcinogenicity study (OECD 453; 2006).

To correct the interspecies difference between rat and human the no observed effect level has to be corrected as follows:

Corrected starting point for the inhalative route for general population:

= NOAELoral * (1/1.15 m³/kg bw/day (24h)) * (ABSoral-rat / ABSinh-human)

= 0.08 mg/kg bw/day * (1/1.15 m³/kg bw/day) * (1/1) = 0.0696 mg/m³

As described in the ECHA Guidance R.8 (2012), it is assumed that inhalation absorption is 100%. In toxicokinetic studies with the test substance it was shown that the oral absorption is close to 100%.

(ABSoral-rat = oral absorption in rats, ABSinh-human = inhalation absorption rate in humans)

Thus, the corrected starting point for general population was 0.0696 mg/m³ for inhalation.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a chronic study.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
AF not used for inhalation route.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default value for general population according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a high-quality study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
By inhalation
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
16.7 µg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Dermal
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
600
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
10 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

No modification is necesarry since a dermal sub-acute toxicity study is available (OECD 410).

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a sub-acute study.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
The experimental animal was a rat.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default value for general population according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a high-quality study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Dermal
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.8 µg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
100
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
0.08 mg/kg bw/day
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a chronic study.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
The experimental animal was rat.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default value for general population according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a high-quality study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - General Population