1-phenylethyl acetate

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

9th November 1992 to 13th November 1992

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The following SOPs apply:1.001 pH measurement1.002 O2 measurement1.004 Calibration of scales1.006 Stock solution4.001 Fish storage4.002 Acute fish test

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material: 1-phenylethyl acetate
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): alpha-Methylbenzylacetat
- Analytical purity: Not stated
- Lot/batch No.: 1065123

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Check of the test concentrations and a control immediately after the first test (02.11.92) and after standing for 24 hours (03.11.92) within the scope of the semi-static operation. Further checks on 03.11.92 in the new test and after standing for another 24 hours (04.11.92). Additional checks if necessary after presentation of the first analytical data.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Test substance was directly weighed.Solubilising agent or other aids: Ultra Turrax

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM- Common name: Zebra fish- Source: West-Aquarium (Bad Lauterberg)- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 2.5-3.5 cm- Mortality rate in storage: <2%- Medical pre-treatment: none- Storage water: synthetic fresh water according to ISO

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

14.5 dH

Test temperature:

control: 21.5-22.5ºC16 mg/L: 21.6-22.8ºC22 mg/L: 21.6-22.7ºC31 mg/L: 21.5-22.4ºC44 mg/L: 21.6-22.3ºC

pH:

control: 7.2-8.116 and 22 mg/L: 7.4-8.231 and 44 mg/L: 7.6-8.1

Dissolved oxygen:

control: 7.8-9.1 mg/L (91.9-106% saturation)16 mg/L: 8.4-9.1 mg/L (99-108% saturation)22 mg/L: 7.9-8.9 mg/L (92-105% saturation)31 mg/L: 8.5-8.6 mg/L (98.7-102% saturation)44 mg/L: 8.5-8.8 mg/L (99-104% saturation)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0, 16, 22, 31 and 44 mg/L (nominal)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM- Test vessel: test aquariums 300 x 135 x 200 mm- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 5 litre test medium- Aeration: yesTEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS- Source/preparation of dilution water: synthetic fresh water in accordance with ISOOTHER TEST CONDITIONS- Photoperiod: 8 hours light / 16 hours dark

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

15 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

other: test substance (1-phenylethyl acetate) and the hydrolysis product alpha-methyl benzyl alcohol

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

21 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

other: test substance (1-phenylethyl acetate) and the hydrolysis product alpha-methyl benzyl alcohol

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: EC50 = geom. mean of EC0 and EC100

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

28.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

other: test substance (1-phenylethyl acetate) and the hydrolysis product alpha-methyl benzyl alcohol

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

12.93 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: based on measured concentration of parent

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

18.32 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: based on measured concentration of parent; EC50 = geom. mean of EC0 and EC100

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

25.95 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: based on measured concentration of parent

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities:After 24 hours at 22 mg/L: 1 animal with abnormal swimming behaviour, slow, lethargic swimming behaviourAfter 96 hours at 22 mg/L: 1 animal with abnormal swimming behaviour, slow, lethargic swimming behaviourAfter 2 hours at 31 mg/L: 4 animals with abnormal swimming behaviour, uncontrolled bumping against the sides of the aquarium; 6 animals with abnormal swimming behaviour, slow, lethargic swimming behaviourAfter 2 hours at 44 mg/L: 1 animal with abnormal swimming behaviour, slow, lethargic swimming behaviour- Other biological observations: no mortality was observed at nominal concentration 16 mg/L- Mortlaity of control: 0%

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Table 1: Mortality rate at 22 mg/L

	0 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
absolute value	0	1	2	1	0
cumulative value	0	1	3	4	4
cumulative value [%]	0	10	30	40	40

Table 2: Mortality rate at 31 mg/L

	0 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
absolute value	0	10
cumulative value	0	10
cumulative value [%]	0	100

Table 3: Mortality rate at 44 mg/L

	0 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
absolute value	9	1
cumulative value	9	10
cumulative value [%]	90	100

Table 4: Body length (cm) at the nominal concentrations (mg/L)

Test fish	Control	16	22	31	44
1	3.0	3.4	3.0	2.9	3.0
2	2.8	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.2
3	3.0	2.6	3.0	3.2	3.3
4	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.3
5	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.2
6	3.2	3.4	2.7	3.0	2.7
7	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.1
8	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.0	2.9
9	3.3	3.0	3.4	3.1	3.2
10	3.0	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.1
Fresh weight (g) of the 10 fish	2.51	2.71	2.66	3.06	3.16

Table 5: Analysis of test solutions

Sample		Concentration of 1-phenylethyl acetate (test material) (mg/L)					Concentration of alpha-methylbenzyl alcohol (breakdown product) (mg/L)
		0	16	22	31	44	0	16	22	31	44
0 h	Fresh	<1	15.1	21.4	29.1	41.6	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
	24 hours standing	<1	10.5	14.0	22.8	36.1	<1	4.1	5.7	5.1	4.2
24 h	Fresh sample	<1	15.3	21.5			<1	<1	<1
	24 hours standing	<1	10.8	15.6			<1	4	5.1

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the conditions of the test, the 96 h LC0 and LC100 (arithmetic means) for fish toxicity of the test substance were determined to be 15 mg/L and 28.5 mg/L respectively based on the parent compound and the hydrolysis product combined. The 96 hour LC50 (calcualted as the geometric mean) was determined to be 21 mg/L. Based on the measured concentrations of the parent compound, the 96 h LC0 and LC100 (arithmetic means) for fish toxicity of the test substance were determined to be 12.93 mg/L and 25.95 mg/L respectively. The 96 hour LC50 (calcualted as the geometric mean) was determined to be 18.32 mg/L.

Description of key information

The LC50 of 1-phenylethyl acetate was determined to be 18.3 mg/L according to a study performed in line with EU Method C.1.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

18.3 mg/L

Additional information

One short-term toxicity study in zebra fish, performed according to standardised guideline EU Method C.1, is available for 1-phenylethyl acetate. In this key study, five concentrations in the range 0 to 44 mg/L are tested. Mortality was observed at 44 mg/L from 0 hours and at 22 and 31 mg/L from 24 hours and behavioural abnormalities were also observed at all three doses; the 96 hour LC50 was determined to be 18.32 mg/L based on geometric means.

Two short-term toxicity studies are available for the structurally closely related analogue benzyl acetate, which were also included as relevant supporting information to support the rationale for the use of read-across to benzyl acetate (source substance) in order to address short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates and toxicity to aquatic algae for 1-phenylethyl acetate (target substance). The 96 hour LC50 for zebra fish was determined to be 7.9 mg/L; the 96 hour LC50 for Japanese killifish was determined to be 4 mg/L. The results have been included in the data matrix of the target records for the two read-across endpoints (acute daphnia and algal inhibition).