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Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
5.29 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
132.24 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Lowest NOAEL

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
10.58 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
12.5
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
132.24 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Lowest NOAEL

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
13.22 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
10
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
Value:
132.24 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
26.45 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
5
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
132.24 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.5 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
100
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Lowest NOAEL

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
3 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
50
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Lowest NOAEL

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
3.75 mg/cm²
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
40
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
Value:
65.2 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
7.5 mg/cm²
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
20
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
65.2 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - workers

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.3 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
50
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
65.2 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Lowest NOAEL

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
Default (DNEL calculator)
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
Default (DNEL calculator)
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
Default (DNEL calculator)
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default (DNEL calculator)
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default (DNEL calculator)
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
Default (DNEL calculator)
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
2.61 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
65.2 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Lowest NOAEL

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
3.26 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
20
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
Value:
65.2 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
6.52 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
10
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
65.2 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.75 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
200
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Lowest NOAEL

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.5 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
100
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Lowest NOAEL

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.88 mg/cm²
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
80
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
Value:
65.2 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
3.75 mg/cm²
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
40
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
65.2 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.75 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
200
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Lowest NOAEL

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.5 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
100
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Lowest NOAEL

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - General Population