Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 202-607-8 | CAS number: 97-77-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.29 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 0.84 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 7.25 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The calculation of the DNEL is based on an oral NOAEL observed in a 52-week oral toxicity study in dogs with the read across source substance (key, 1991, HLA 6111-112). To convert the dog oral NOAEL into a corrected inhalation NOAEC to assess human inhalation exposure, the NOAEL has to be corrected as follows:
corrected inhalatory NOAEC = oral NOAEL * molecular weight correction /AF intrerspecies * human bw / wRV * ABSoral-dog/ABS inh-human * 7 days exposure dog/5 days exposure worker)
corrected inhalatory NOAEC = (0.84 mg/kg bw/day*1.233 ) / (1.4) * 70 kg bw /10 m³/person 1/1 * (7/5) = 7.25 mg/m³
It is assumed that oral absorption rate is 100% of that of inhalation absorption.
bw = body weight
wRV = Worker Respiratory Volume
ABSoral-dog=oral absorption rate in dog
ABSinh-human=inhalation absorption rate in humans.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- The DNEL is based on a 52 week study in the dog which is considered a subchronic study and therefore, the default value of 2 for a subchronic study is applied.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Interspecies differences were taken into account for the conversion of the dog NOAEL into a modified human NOAEC considering allometric scaling for the respiratory volumes (modification of the dose descriptor starting point). Thus, no additional AF is applicable.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default AF for workers according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a high-quality study.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.055 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 180
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 369.9 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The most sensitive NOAEL came from a subacute dermal study with the read across source substance. The molecular weight correction factor of 1.233 was used.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The DNEL is based on a subacute study in the rabbit and therefore, the default value of 6 is applied.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 2.4
- Justification:
- Default AF for rabbits according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default AF for workers according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a high-quality study.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 52 µg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 0.84 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 2.59 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The calculation of the DNEL is based on an oral NOAEL observed in a 52-week oral toxicity study in dogs with the read across source substance (key, 1991, HLA 6111-112). To convert the dog oral NOAEL into a corrected inhalation NOAEC to assess human inhalation exposure, the NOAEL has to be corrected as follows:
corrected inhalatory NOAEC = oral NOAEL * molecular weight correction /AF intrerspecies * human bw / gpRV * ABSoral-dog/ABS inh-human
corrected inhalatory NOAEC = (0.84 mg/kg bw/day *1.233) / (1.4) * 70 kg bw /20 m³/person 1/1 = 2.59 mg/m³
It is assumed that oral absorption rate is 100% of that of inhalation absorption.
bw = body weight
gpRV = general population Respiratory Volume
ABSoral-dog=oral absorption rate in dogs
ABSinh-human=inhalation absorption rate in humans.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- The DNEL is based on a 52 week study in the dog which is considered a subchronic study and therefore, the default value of 2 for a subchronic study is applied.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Interspecies differences were taken into account for the conversion of the dog NOAEL into a modified human NOAEC considering allometric scaling for the respiratory volumes (modification of the dose descriptor starting point). Thus, no additional AF is applicable.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default AF for the general population according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a high-quality study.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.028 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 360
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 369.9 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The DNEL is based on a subacute study in the rabbit with the read across source substance. The molecular weight correction factor of 1.233 was used.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The DNEL is based on a subacute study in the rabbit and therefore, the default value of 6 is applied.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 2.4
- Justification:
- Default AF for rabbits according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default AF for the general population according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a high-quality study.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 15 µg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 70
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 0.84 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.04 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The calculation of the DNEL is based on an oral NOAEL observed in a 52-week oral toxicity study in dogs with the read across source substance (key, 1991, HLA 6111-112). The molecular weight correction factor of 1.233 was used.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- The DNEL is based on a 52 week study in the dog which is considered a subchronic study and therefore, the default value of 2 for a subchronic study is applied.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1.4
- Justification:
- Default AF for dogs according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default AF for general population according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a high-quality study.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
