Disulfiram

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

8 November 1983-17 November 1983

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP-Guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Methods of Acute Toxicity Tests with Fish, Macroinvertebrates and Amphibians. Stephan, C. E., Chairman. 1975. Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms. U.S. EPA, Ecol. Res. Ser. 660/3-75009.

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method:
Test concentrations were prepared based on total compound.
Nanograde acetone was used in the preparation of all working stock solutions.
The solvent control received an aliquot (0.056 ml) of acetone equivalent to that of the highest test concentration.
- Controls: Yes
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): acetone
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution): 100% pur acetone solvent (stock solution) and 221 mg/l (final test solution) on solvent control and the highest test concentration.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Source: ABC facilities
- Age at study initiation: less than 24 hours old
- Feeding during test: not fed during the test

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Yes
- Type and amount of food: The adult Daphnia were fed algae (Selenastrum capricornutuin) and supplemented with a suspension of trout chow.
- Feeding frequency: at least every three days prior to testing
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): no data

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

255 ppm as CaCO3

Test temperature:

20 (±2.0) °C

pH:

Ranged from 8.2 to 8.8

Dissolved oxygen:

Ranged between 8.1 and 8.7 mg/l representing 88 and 95 % saturation

Salinity:

Not applicable

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0.056, 0.1, 0.18, 0.32 and 0.56 mg/L (nominal)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 ml glass beakers
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 200 ml of test solution
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10 daphnia per beaker
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): duplicates

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Well Water at ABC’s Aquatic Bioassay Laboratory (for composition see below)

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Light intensity: 50-70 footcandles on a 16 hour daylight photoperiod

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: logarithmic series ranging from 0.056 to 0.56 mg/l
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/l

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.17 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL: 0.1-0.32

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.15 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL: 0.1—0.18

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: The abnormal effects of mortality, surfacing, clumping and daphnids lying on the bottom were observed in all test concentrations after 48 hours.

Mortality rates during the acute toxicity test of TETD to Daphnia magna

	Percent mortality hours
Concentration (mg/l)	24 hours	48 hours
Control	0	0
Solvent control	0	0
0.056	0	0
0.10	0	0
0.18	60	85
0.32	100	100
0.56	100	100

NOTE: Dissolved oxygen saturation at the test temperature of 20°C is 9.2 mg/l.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: OECD Guideline study, basic data given, minor restrictions in reporting but otherwise adequate for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Slight modifications

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
The stock solutions were prepared fresh each day. The test solutions were renewed daily.

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Detailed information about the chemical composition of the media is given elsewhere (Van Leeuwen and Maas, 1985).

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

0.12 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL: 0.10-0.14

Description of key information

LC50 (48 h) = 0.15 mg/L (Daphnia magna)

Additional information

The acute toxicity of disulfiram (CAS No. 97-77-8) to Daphnia magna was determined by Burgess and Forbis (1983). This test was conducted according to US EPA Guideline 660/3-75009, Methods of Acute Toxicity Tests for Fish, Macroinvertebrates and Amphibians (1975) under GLP conditions. After 48 hours exposure within a static water regime, a LC50 = 0.15 mg/L was reported.