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EC number: 209-676-3 | CAS number: 590-28-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1988
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- not indicated.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not indicated.
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Rainbow trout
The mean weight of the fish varied from 0.4 to 1.3 g during the experiment. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- no post exposure period
- Hardness:
- 75 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 5 or 12 °C
- pH:
- pH 6 or pH 8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- between 80 and 100 % O2 saturation
- Salinity:
- conductivity in cyanates assays: 310 to 500 µmhos/cm
control: 250 µmhos/cm - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measured concentrations were always within 10 % of the nominal concentration.
- Details on test conditions:
- not indicated.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 15 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: at pH 6 and 5 °C
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 34 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: at pH 6 and 12 °C
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 45.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: at pH 8 and 5 °C
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 80.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: at pH 8 and 12 °C
- Details on results:
- At both pH conditions cyanate was significantly less toxic at the higher test temperature (12 °C) than at the lower one (5 °C). The test conditions under which cyanate was most toxic to rainbow trout was pH 6 and 5 °C. The next most toxic condition was pH 6 and 12 °C, and the least toxic was pH 8 and 12 °C. It is apparent that pH had a greater influence than did temperature.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no reference substance
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not indicated.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The mean 96 h LC50 for potassium cyanate varied from 15 to 81 mg/L, depending on the pH and temperature of the test water.
- Executive summary:
In a 96-h acute toxicity study, Salmo gairdneri (rainbow trout) were exposed to potassium cyanate under static conditions. The mean 96 h LC50 for potassium cyanate varied from 15 to 81 mg/L, depending on the pH and temperature of the test water. At both pH conditions potassium cyanate was significantly less toxic at the higher test temperature (12 °C) than at the lower one (5 °C). The test conditions under which potassium cyanate was most toxic to rainbow trout was pH 6 and 5 °C. The next most toxic condition was pH 6 and 12 °C, and the least toxic was pH 8 and 12 °C. It is apparent that pH had a greater influence than did temperature. This toxicity study is classified as acceptable as it is conducted equivalent or similar to EU C.1 and OECD 203.
Results Synopsis:
Test organism size (wet weight): 0.4 to 1.3 g
Test Type: static
LC50 (pH 6, 5 °C) = 15 mg/L
LC50 (pH 6, 12 °C) = 34 mg/L
LC50 (pH 8, 5 °C) = 45.4 mg/L
LC50 (pH 8, 12 °C) = 80.6 mg/L
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- from 2009-04-20 to 2009-07-06
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The temperature for the main study was higher than stated in the guidelines. As no abnormal behaviour of the fish was observed in the control, this deviation was stated as uncritical.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The temperature for the main study was higher than stated in the guidelines. As no abnormal behaviour of the fish was observed in the control, this deviation was stated as uncritical.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Standard solutions containing 10 and 100 mg/L of the test item were measured twice each after 0, 24 and 96 hours. The recovery rate after 96 hours storage at room temperature was determined as 94 % and 96.3 %.
Description of Sample Measurement
1.0 mL of the respective sample was mixed with 1.0 mL 2-Aminobenzoic acid (0.02 mol/L). The mixture was left to react at 40 °C for 10 minutes. Then, 2 ml HCL conc. were added and the mixture was heated to 100 °C for 1 minute. After cooling, the photometric meas-urement at 310 nm was performed. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- On the day of the start of the test, a stock solution containing 10.000 mg/L test item was prepared. This solution was used to prepare a series of five concentrations in the range of 10 – 100 mg/L.
- Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Details on test organisms:
- Specification
Species Danio rerio HAMILTON-BUCHANAN
Age sexually immature young fish, length 2 ± 1 cm
Origin
The animals were obtained from a commercial supplier. Before being used for the test, the fish were kept for 14 days under test conditions. During this period, mortality didn't surpass 5 %.
Supplier: Dehner Garten Center, 67433 Neustadt
Date of arrival: 18. Mar. 2009
Husbandry
Danio rerio is routinely used for toxicity tests. The test fish are kept following SOP 115 005 04 in the current edition.
Vessels polyethylene aquaria
Medium chlorine-free tap water
Feeding three times a day with warm water fish food and daphnia, totalling to about 1 - 2 % of body weight per day
Medium renewal twice a week
Photo period 12/12 hours, using neon tubes
Temperature 23 ± 1 °C - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- no post exposure period
- Hardness:
- 0.91 mmol/L
- Test temperature:
- 26.4 - 25.6
- pH:
- 7.6 - 7.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.8 - 8.3
- Salinity:
- freshwater used
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0, 10, 18, 32, 56, 100 mg/L
measured (mean between 0 and 96 h): 8.18, 13.61, 18.69, 48.65, 95.88 mg/L
Each concentration was measured threefold. The mean of the measured concentration after 96 hours was in a range of 76 % and 141 % of the start concentration. The mean of the measured concentration at the beginning was in a range of 64 % – 91 % and at the end between 51 % - 102 % of the nominal concentration. Therefore, the determination of the biological results was based on the mean of the measured concentration. - Details on test conditions:
- Observations were made every 24 hours, measuring pH and O2-concentration of the test solutions in each vessel and documenting mortalities or abnormal behaviour. The content of the test item in the test vessels was measured at the beginning and at the end of the study.
A fish was considered dead, if no visible movement could be observed, and if touching of the caudal peduncle produced no reaction. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 94 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 49 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- All validity criteria were met.
For the estimation of the LC50s of the test item, only the highest test concentration shows mortality. The fits showed sufficient statistical correspondence of the data with the dose-response-equation.
The correlation between nominal and measured concentrations and the recovery rates was acceptable. In treatment 100 mg/L, the correlation between nominal and measured concentration was very good. As only in treatment 100 mg/L mortality was observed, the large variation in the measured values in the lower concentrated treatments can be stated as uncritical. The measured concentrations at the end of the test were more than 100 % of the start concentration. This might be caused by evaporation of dilution water and there-fore higher measured concentrations at the end of the test. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no positive control.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The estimation of the EC50 was accomplished using the software OriginTM. The calculated values for p resp. χ2 are given in the graph.
The data were evaluated using sigmoidal fit on a linear-logarithmic scale. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The following results for acute toxicity to fish (Danio rerio) for the test item sodium cyanate were determined:
96h NOEC = 49 mg/L
96h LC50 = 94 mg/L - Executive summary:
In a 96-h acute toxicity study, Danio rerio (HAMILTON-BUCHANAN) were exposed to sodium cyanate at measured concentrations of 0, 8.18, 13.61, 18.69, 48.65, 95.88 mg/L under static conditions. The main study was performed using five concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mg/L.
At the beginning and at the end of the test, the content of the test item in the test solutions was determined using a spectral photometer. The recovery after 96 hours ranged from 76 % to 141 % of the start concentration. The correlation between nominal and measured concentration ranged from 64 % to 91 % at the beginning and 51 % to 102 % at the end Therefore, the determination of the biological results was based on the geometric mean of the measured concentration.
The 96-h LC50 was 94 mg /L. The NOEC value, based on mortality/sublethal effects, was 49mg /L, respectively.
This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement for acute toxicity to fish studies.
Results Synopsis
Test organism size: 2 ± 1cm
Test Type: Static
LC50: 94 mg/L
NOEL: 49 mg/L
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1953
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: non guideline test
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- No guideline indicated. Principles of method see below.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- not indicated.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not indicated.
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Kuhlia sandvicensis
- Details on test organisms:
- not indicated.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- Not indicated, minimum 2 min.
- Post exposure observation period:
- not indicated.
- Hardness:
- not indicated.
- Test temperature:
- not indicated.
- pH:
- not indicated.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not indicated.
- Salinity:
- not indicated.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 10 and 20 ppm
- Details on test conditions:
- not indicated.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- other chemicals with positive reactions were tested in parallel
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 20 other: ppm
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: duration: minimum 2 min
- Details on results:
- not indicated.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not indicated.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not indicated.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Potassium cyante showed no abservable effects to Kuhlia sandvicensis up to a concentration of 20 ppm.
- Executive summary:
In an acute toxicity study, Kuhlia sandvicensis were exposed to potassium cyanate at nominal concentrations of 10 and 20 ppm under static conditions. Potassium cyante showed no abservable effects to Kuhlia sandvicensis up to a concentration of 20 ppm. Thus, the NOEC was derived to > 20 ppm. This toxicity study is classified as acceptable as supporting study.
Results Synopsis:
Test Type: static
NOEC: 20 ppm
This value supports the selected NOAEL of 20 mg/L for risk assessment. As Weight of Evidence, 20 mg/L was justified, based on the studies with potassium cyanate and one study with sodium cyanate.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1988
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- No guideline indicated. Principles of method see below.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- not indicated.
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- not indicated.
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- Rainbow trout, donaldson trout, fingerlings
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not indicated.
- Hardness:
- not indicated.
- Test temperature:
- not indicated.
- pH:
- not indicated.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not indicated.
- Salinity:
- not indicated.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not indicated.
- Details on test conditions:
- not indicated.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 24.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 16.8 - 31.8 mg/L
- Details on results:
- not indicated.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no reference substance.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not indicated.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- LC50 Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout, donaldson trout, fingerlings) = 24.3 mg/L/96 hr (95 % confidence interval: 16.8 - 31.8 mg/L)
- Executive summary:
In a 96-h acute toxicity study, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout, donaldson trout, fingerlings) were exposed to potassium cyanate under static conditions. The 96-h LC50 was 24.3 mg /L.
This toxicity study is classified as acceptable.
Results Synopsis
Test Type: static
LC50: 24.3 mg/L
95 % C.I.: 16.8 to 31.8 mg/L
This value supports the selected NOAEL of 20 mg/L for risk assessment. As Weight of Evidence, 20 mg/L was justified, based on the studies with potassium cyanate and one study with sodium cyanate.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The lowest LC50 identified was 15 mg/L in Salmo gairdneri. In a read-across study with the structural analogue sodium cyanate, which was conducted recently according to OECD and EU Guidelines and GLP a LC50 of 94 mg/L was determined in Danio rerio, supports the high values noted with Salmo at high testing.
As a Weight of Evidence, 20 mg/L was justified, based on the studies with potassium cyanate and one study with sodium cyanate.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect concentration:
- 20 mg/L
Additional information
Key studies:
- In a 96-h acute toxicity study, Salmo gairdneri (rainbow trout) were exposed to potassium cyanate under static conditions. The mean 96 h-LC50 for potassium cyanate varied from 15 to 81 mg/L, depending on the pH and temperature of the test water. At both pH conditions potassium cyanate was significantly less toxic at the higher test temperature (12 °C) than at the lower one (5 °C). Test conditions under which potassium cyanate was most toxic to rainbow trout were pH 6 and 5 °C. The next most toxic condition was pH 6 and 12 °C, and the least toxicity was observed for pH 8 and 12 °C. It is apparent that pH had a greater influence than temperature. This toxicity study is classified as acceptable as it is conducted equivalent or similar to EU C.1 and OECD 203.
- In a 96-h acute toxicity study (Muckle, 2009), Danio rerio (Hamilton-Buchanan) were exposed to sodium cyanate at measured concentrations of 0, 8.18, 13.61, 18.69, 48.65, 95.88 mg/L under static conditions. The main study was performed using five concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mg/L.
At the beginning and at the end of the test, the content of the test item in the test solutions was determined using a spectral photometer. The recovery after 96 hours ranged from 76 % to 141 % of the start concentration. The correlation between nominal and measured concentration ranged from 64 % to 91 % at the beginning and 51 % to 102 % at the end Therefore, the determination of the biological results was based on the geometric mean of the measured concentration.
The 96 h-LC50 was 94 mg/L. The NOEC value, based on mortality/sublethal effects, was 49 mg/L, respectively, equal to 61.1 mg/L potassium cyanate.
This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement for acute toxicity to fish studies.
Supporting Studies:
- In a 96-h acute toxicity study, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout, donaldson trout, fingerlings) were exposed to potassium cyanate under static conditions. The 96-h LC50 was 24.3 mg/L.
This toxicity study is classified as acceptable as supporting study.
- In an acute toxicity study, Kuhlia sandvicensis were exposed to potassium cyanate at nominal concentrations of 10 and 20 ppm under static conditions. Potassium cyanate showed no observable effects to Kuhlia sandvicensis up to a concentration of 20 ppm. Thus, the NOEC was derived to > 20 ppm. This toxicity study is classified as acceptable as supporting study.
As a Weight of Evidence, 20 mg/L was justified, based on the studies with potassium cyanate and one study with sodium cyanate.
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Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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