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Toxicological information

Skin sensitisation

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA)
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
Jan 2009
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2009
Report date:
2009

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
- modified LLNA (IMDS): Measurement of cell counts instead of radioactive labelling. In addition, measurements of ear swelling and ear weights were done to discriminate the irritating potential from the sensitizing potential of the test substance
Principles of method if other than guideline:
This study is performed according to OECD TG 429. As stated in OECD TG 429 besides the classical radioactive method ‘other endpoints for assessment of the number of proliferating cells may be employed’ as so-called ‘me-too’ tests, if the required performance standards are fulfilled, they are ‘based on similar scientific principles and measure or predict the same biological or toxic effect’ and they are validated.
Here, an alternative method is used employing the lymph node weight and lymph node cell count to assess proliferation of lymphocytes (IMDS LLNA; Integrated Model for the Differentiation of Skin Reactions). In addition, the acute inflammatory skin reaction is measured by ear weight determination of circular biopsies of the ears and ear thickness measurements on test day 1 and test day 4 to identify skin irritation properties of the test item. It is important to determine if a positive test result is due to the skin irritation potential of the test item or due to its sensitising properties. Information on validation of the IMDS LLNA and scientific justification is given in: Vohr HW et al., Arch. Toxicol., 73, 501-509 (2000); Ehling G et al., Toxicology 212, 60-68 and 69-79 (2005).
In the IMDS LLNA stimulation indices were calculated for the lymph node cell count, lymph node weight, ear weight and ear thickness by dividing the average values per group of the test item treated animals by the respective vehicle treated ones.
Values above 1.4 (lymph node cell count to identify skin sensitisation) or 1.1 (ear weight to identify irritation) are considered positive (these values were fixed empirically during the interlaboratory validation of this method (Ehling et al. 2005a and 2005b)).
- Ehling, G., M. Hecht, A. Heusener, J. Huesler, A. O. Gamer, H. van Loveren, T. Maurer, K. Riecke, L. Ullmann, P. Ulrich, R. Vandebriel, H.-W. Vohr: An European inter-laboratory validation of alternative endpoints of the murine local lymph node assay: First round; Toxicology 212, 60-68 (2005a);
- Ehling, G., M. Hecht, A. Heusener, J. Huesler, A. O. Gamer, H. van Loveren, T. Maurer, K. Riecke, L. Ullmann, P. Ulrich, R. Vandebriel, H.-W. Vohr: An European inter-laboratory validation of alternative endpoints of the murine local lymph node assay: 2nd round; Toxicology 212, 69-79 (2005b).
- Vohr, H.-W., Blümel, J., Blotz, A., Homey, B. and Ahr, H.J. An intra-laboratory validation of IMDS: Discrimination between (Photo) Allergic and (Photo) Irritant Skin Reactions in Mice. Arch. Toxicol., 73, 501-509 (2000).
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Type of study:
mouse local lymph node assay (LLNA)

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
2-benzofuran-1,3-dione, addition product with 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol, ethoxylated
Molecular formula:
Not applicable (UVCB substance)
IUPAC Name:
2-benzofuran-1,3-dione, addition product with 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol, ethoxylated
Test material form:
liquid
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Stability in the solvent was analytically proved.

In vivo test system

Test animals

Species:
mouse
Strain:
NMRI
Sex:
female
Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Strain: Hsd Win: NMRI (SPF-bred)
- Source: Harlan Nederland, 5960 AD Horst, Netherland
- Age at study initiation: 8 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 25-36 g
- Housing: During the study period the animals were single-housed in Makrolon type II cages.
- Diet and water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: at least 6 days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 +/- 2
- Humidity (%): 40 -70
- Air changes (per hr): about 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12

Study design: in vivo (LLNA)

Vehicle:
dimethylformamide
Concentration:
0 (vehicle control), 2, 10, 50 %
No. of animals per dose:
6; additionally 6 animals for vehicle control
Details on study design:
TREATMENT PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION:
The test item was formulated once at day 1 of the study in DMF. The formulation was applied epicutaneously onto the dorsal part of both ears of the animals. This  treatment was repeated on three consecutive days (d1, d2 and d3). The volume administered was 25 µl/ear. The used concentrations were based on the experiences with the test system and the toxic properties of the test substance. For negative control a dose group treated only with the vehicle DMF in the above described manner was used.
The animals were anaesthetized by inhalation of carbon dioxide and sacrificed one day after the last application (d4). The appropriate organs were then removed. Lymphatic organs (the auricular lymph nodes) were transferred into physiological saline (PBS).
Investigations:
- weight of lymph nodes
- cell counts in lymph nodes
- stimulation index is calculated by dividing the absolute number of weight or cell counts of the substance treated lymph nodes by the vehicle treated ones.
- ear swelling
- ear weight
- body weights
Positive control substance(s):
hexyl cinnamic aldehyde (CAS No 101-86-0)
Statistics:
When it was statistically reasonable, the values from treated groups were compared with those from the control group by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) when the variances are considered homogeneous according to a homogeneity testing like Cochran's test. Alternatively, if the variances are considered to be heterogenous (p<=0.05), a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test has been used (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA) at significance levels of 5 %. Two sided multiple test procedures were done according to Dunnett or Bonferroni-Holm, respectively. Outlying values in the LN weights were eliminated at a probability level of 99 % by Nalimov's method. In addition, for the LLNA/IMDS the smallest significant differentes in the means were calculated by Scheffels method, which according to Sachs can be used for both equal and unequal sample sizes.

Results and discussion

Positive control results:
Alpha hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, checked in regular intervals, shows a clear sensitizing potential in the local lymph node assay (IMDS).

In vivo (LLNA)

Resultsopen allclose all
Parameter:
SI
Value:
1
Test group / Remarks:
control group
Parameter:
SI
Value:
0.75
Test group / Remarks:
2% test group
Remarks on result:
other: The "positive level" of 1.4 for the cell count index was not reached or exceeded.
Remarks:
(modified LLNA; measurement of cell counts instead of radioactive labelling)
Parameter:
SI
Value:
0.91
Test group / Remarks:
10% test group
Remarks on result:
other: The "positive level" of 1.4 for the cell count index was not reached or exceeded.
Remarks:
(modified LLNA; measurement of cell counts instead of radioactive labelling)
Parameter:
SI
Value:
0.9
Test group / Remarks:
50% test group
Remarks on result:
other: The "positive level" of 1.4 for the cell count index was not reached or exceeded.
Remarks:
(modified LLNA; measurement of cell counts instead of radioactive labelling)

Any other information on results incl. tables

Compared to vehicle-treated animals, also none of the other parameters measured in the substance-treated groups, i.e. weights of the draining lymph nodes, ear weights and ear swelling, reached or exceeded the "positive levels" defined for this assay.

weight index: 1.00 (0 %) / 0.85 (2 %) / 0.96 (10 %) / 0.93 (50 %)

ear swelling: day 1 = 17.75 (0 %) / 17.75 (2 %) / 18.25 (10 %) / 17.83 (50 %); day 4 = 18.00 (0 %) / 18.00 (2 %) / 18.42 (10 %) / 18.25 (50 %); Index day 4 = 1.00 (0 %) / 1.00 (2 %) / 1.02 (10 %) / 1.01 (50 %)

ear weight: day 4 = 13.66 (0 %) / 13.43 (2 %) / 12.96 (10 %) / 13.16 (50 %); Index day 4 = 1.00 (0 %) / 0.98 (2 %) / 0.95 (10 %) / 0.96 (50 %).

The body weights of the animals were not affected by any treatment. This study does neither point to a non-specific (irritant) nor to a specific irnmunostimulating (sensitizing) potential of the test item.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:
GHS criteria not met
Executive summary:

A modified LLNA (IMDS; OECD TG 429) was performed on 6 female NMRI mice per dose group using epicutaneously applied test substance of 0 % (vehicle control), 2 %, 10 % and 50 %. The study does neither point to a non-specific (irritant) nor to a specific immunostimulating (sensitizing) potential of the test item. Therefore, the concentration of 50 % turned out to be the NOEL for the parameters investigated (weight and cell counts of the draining lymph nodes, ear swelling, ear weight) with respect to skin sensitization.