Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 203-051-9 | CAS number: 102-76-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Article service life
Documentsopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 8: Paper articles
- AC 11: Wood articles
- AC 13: Plastic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 8: Paper articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 11: Wood articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 13: Plastic articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 8: Paper articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 11: Wood articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 13: Plastic articles
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of articles with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy manipulation and handling of the substance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Low energy manipulation and handling of the substance
- Related assessment:
- use not assessed
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of articles with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mechanical and electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use not assessed
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 8: Paper articles
Service life
- Article category (AC):
- AC 31: Scented clothes
- AC 32: Scented eraser
- AC 34: Scented toys
- AC 35: Scented paper articles
- AC 36: Scented CD
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 31: Scented clothes
- Article category (AC):
- AC 32: Scented eraser
- Article category (AC):
- AC 34: Scented toys
- Article category (AC):
- AC 35: Scented paper articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 36: Scented CD
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of articles, with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy manipulation and handling of the substance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Low energy manipulation and handling of the substance
- Related assessment:
- use not assessed
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 8: Paper articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 11: Wood articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 13: Plastic articles
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of articles with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mechanical and electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Fabrics, textiles and apparel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 5: Fabrics, textiles and apparel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Leather articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 6: Leather articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Paper articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 8: Paper articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rubber articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 10: Rubber articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wood articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 11: Wood articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Plastic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 13: Plastic articles
- Related assessment:
- use not assessed
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- ERC11b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: AC 31: Scented clothes; AC 32: Scented eraser; AC 34: Scented toys; AC 35: Scented paper articles; AC 36: Scented CD
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 5: Fabrics, textiles and apparel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 8: Paper articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 11: Wood articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 13: Plastic articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 31: Scented clothes
- Article category (AC):
- AC 32: Scented eraser
- Article category (AC):
- AC 34: Scented toys
- Article category (AC):
- AC 35: Scented paper articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 36: Scented CD
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of articles with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manipulation and handling of the substance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Manipulation and handling of the substance
- Related assessment:
- use not assessed
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of articles with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manipulation and handling of the substance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Manipulation and handling of the substance
- Related assessment:
- use not assessed
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Triacetin
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- liquid
- Reference substance:
- Triacetin
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (indoor)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 31: Scented clothes
- Article category (AC):
- AC 32: Scented eraser
- Article category (AC):
- AC 34: Scented toys
- Article category (AC):
- AC 35: Scented paper articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 36: Scented CD
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 8: Paper articles
- AC 11: Wood articles
- AC 13: Plastic articles
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Triacetin
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- liquid
- Reference substance:
- Triacetin
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 8: Paper articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 11: Wood articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 13: Plastic articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC13c: Plastic articles: Packaging (excluding food packaging)
- AC13d: Plastic articles: Articles intended for food contact
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of articles with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mechanical and electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Leather articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 6: Leather articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Paper articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 8: Paper articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rubber articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 10: Rubber articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wood articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 11: Wood articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Plastic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 13: Plastic articles
- Related assessment:
- use not assessed
Service life
- Article category (AC):
- AC 8: Paper articles
- AC 11: Wood articles
- AC 13: Plastic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 8: Paper articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 11: Wood articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 13: Plastic articles
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of articles with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy manipulation and handling of the substance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Low energy manipulation and handling of the substance
- Related assessment:
- use not assessed
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 8: Paper articles
- AC 11: Wood articles
- AC 13: Plastic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 8: Paper articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 11: Wood articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 13: Plastic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 31: Scented clothes
- AC 32: Scented eraser
- AC 34: Scented toys
- AC 35: Scented paper articles
- AC 36: Scented CD
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 31: Scented clothes
- Article category (AC):
- AC 32: Scented eraser
- Article category (AC):
- AC 34: Scented toys
- Article category (AC):
- AC 35: Scented paper articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 36: Scented CD
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 31: Scented clothes
- Article category (AC):
- AC 32: Scented eraser
- Article category (AC):
- AC 34: Scented toys
- Article category (AC):
- AC 35: Scented paper articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 36: Scented CD
- Article category (AC):
- AC 38: Packaging material for metal parts, releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): scented candles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of articles with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manipulation and handling of the substance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Manipulation and handling of the substance
- Name of activity / technique:
- High energy work-up of substances
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use not assessed
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of articles with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mechanical and electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wood articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 11: Wood articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Plastic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 13: Plastic articles
- Related assessment:
- use not assessed
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of articles with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Fabrics, textiles and apparel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 5: Fabrics, textiles and apparel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Leather articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 6: Leather articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rubber articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 10: Rubber articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wood articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 11: Wood articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Plastic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 13: Plastic articles
- Related assessment:
- use not assessed
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.