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EC number: 945-889-4 | CAS number: -
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Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 29 July 2015 to 11 August 2015
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted to GLP in accordance with recognised guideline. There were no deviations (unplanned changes) from the study plan.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 015
- Report date:
- 2015
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- JAPAN: Guidelines for Screening Mutagenicity Testing Of Chemicals
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)
- Version / remarks:
- OPPTS harmonised guidelines
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Reaction products of slack wax (petroleum), oxidized, esterified with n-butanol
- EC Number:
- 945-889-4
- Molecular formula:
- Too Complex
- IUPAC Name:
- Reaction products of slack wax (petroleum), oxidized, esterified with n-butanol
- Details on test material:
- - Physical state: brown waxy solid
- Analytical purity:100%
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 13 July 2017
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature in the dark
1
Method
- Target gene:
- Not required
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- phenobarbitone/β-naphthoflavone induced rat liver S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Experiment 1: Range-finding test: 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate
Experiment 2: Main test: 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The substance was not sufficiently soluble in water, DMSO, acetone or dimethyl formamide but was soluble in THF
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Concurrent - THF
- True negative controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
- Remarks:
- 2, 3, 5 µg/plate respectively for WP2uvrA, TA100, TA1535
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Concurrent - THF
- True negative controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- Remarks:
- 80 µg/plate for TA1537
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Concurrent - THF
- True negative controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- Remarks:
- 0.2 µg/plate for TA98
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Concurrent - THF
- True negative controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-Aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- 1, 2, 10 µg/plate for TA100, TA1535&TA1537, WP2uvrA respectively
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Concurrent - THF
- True negative controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- benzo(a)pyrene
- Remarks:
- 5 µg/plate for TA98
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation) at multiple dose levels, in triplicate, both with and without the addition of a rat liver homogenate metabolising system (10% liver S9 in standard co-factors).
RANGE FINDING
Dose selection
The test item was tested using the following method. The maximum concentration was 5000 µg/plate (the maximum recommended dose level). Eight concentrations of the test item (1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate) were assayed in triplicate against each tester strain, using the direct plate incorporation method.
Without Metabolic Activation
0.025 mL of the appropriate concentration of test item or vehicle or 0.1 mL of the appropriate positive control was added to 2 mL of molten trace amino-acid supplemented media containing 0.1 mL of one of the bacterial strain cultures and 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer. These were then mixed and overlayed onto a Vogel-Bonner agar plate. Negative (untreated) controls were also performed on the same day as the mutation test. Each concentration of the test item, appropriate positive, vehicle and negative controls, and each bacterial strain, was assayed using triplicate plates.
With Metabolic Activation
The procedure was the same as described above except that following the addition of the test item formulation and bacterial culture, 0.5 mL of S9-mix was added to the molten trace amino-acid supplemented media instead of phosphate buffer.
Incubation and Scoring
All of the plates were incubated at 37 °C+/- 3 °C for approximately 48 hours and scored for the presence of revertant colonies using an automated colony counting system. The plates were viewed microscopically for evidence of thinning (toxicity).
MAIN TEST
Dose selection
The dose range used for the main test was determined by the results of the range-finding test and was 50 to 5000 µg/plate.
Five test item dose levels were selected in Experiment 2 in order to achieve both four non-toxic dose levels and the potential toxic limit of the test item following the results from the first mutation test.
Without Metabolic Activation
The procedure was the same as described previously
With Metabolic Activation
The procedure was the same as described previously
Incubation and Scoring
All of the plates were incubated at 37 °C +/- 3 °C for approximately 48 hours and scored for the presence of revertant colonies using an automated colony counting system. The plates were viewed microscopically for evidence of thinning (toxicity).
DURATION
- Preincubation period: N/A
- Exposure duration: Approximately 48 hours
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): N/A
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): N/A
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): N/A
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): NDA
SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): N/A
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): N/A
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3 replicates of each strain at each concentration both in the presence and absence of S9
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED:
All strains 0.9 to 9 * 10>9
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: N/A
OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
N/A
OTHER:
Prior to use, the master strains were checked for characteristics, viability and spontaneous reversion rate (all were found to be satisfactory). The amino acid supplemented top agar and the S9-mix used in both experiments was shown to be sterile. The test item formulation was also shown to be sterile. These data are not given in the report.
In order to select appropriate dose levels for use in the main test, a preliminary assay was carried out to determine the toxicity of the test material.
All tester strain cultures should exhibit a characteristic number of spontaneous revertants per plate in the vehicle and untreated controls (negative controls). Acceptable ranges are presented as follows:
TA1535: 7 to 40
TA100: 60 to 200
TA1537: 2 to 30
TA98: 8 to 60
WP2uvrA: 10 to 60 - Evaluation criteria:
- There are several criteria for determining a positive result. Any, one, or all of the following can be used to determine the overall result of the study:
1 . A dose-related increase in mutant frequency over the dose range tested (De Serres and Shelby, 1979).
2. A reproducible increase at one or more concentrations.
3. Biological relevance against in-house historical control ranges.
4. Statistical analysis of data as determined by UKEMS (Mahon et al, 1989).
5. Fold increase greater than two times the concurrent solvent control for any tester strain (especially if accompanied by an out-of-historical range response (Cariello and Piegorsch, 1996)).
A test item will be considered non-mutagenic (negative) in the test system if the above criteria are not met.
Although most experiments will give clear positive or negative results, in some instances the data generated will prohibit making a definite judgment about test item activity. Results of this type will be reported as equivocal. - Statistics:
- MAHON, G.A.T., et al (1989). Analysis of data from microbial colony assays. In: KIRKLAND D.J., (eds.). Statistical Evaluation of Mutagenicity Test Data: UKEMS sub-committee on guidelines for mutagenicity testing. Cambridge University Press Report, pp. 26-65.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
Any other information on results incl. tables
The maximum dose level of the test item was selected as the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 ug/plate in each experiment. There was no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawns and/or substantial reductions in the revertant colony frequency at any dose level in either the absence or presence of metabolic activation (S9 -mix) respectively in either experiment. No toxicity was noted to any of the remaining strains (TA100, TA98 and E.coli WP2uvrA) at any test item dose level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9 -mix) in both mutation tests. A test item precipitate (greasy in appearance) was noted at and above 500 ug/plate; this observation did ot prevent the scoring of revertant colonies.
There were no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9 -mix) in experiment 1. Similarly, no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9 -mix) in experiment 2.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
The test item was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of this test. - Executive summary:
Introduction
The test method was designed to be compatible with the guidelines for bacterial mutagenicity testing published by the major Japanese Regulatory Authorities including METI, MHLW and MAFF, the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals No. 471 "Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test", Method B13/14 of Commission Regulation (EC) number 440/2008 of 30 May 2008 and the USA, EPA OCSPP harmonized guideline - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test.
Methods
Salmonella typhimurium strains TAl535, TA1537, TA98 and TAl00 and Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA were treated with the test item using the Ames plate incorporation method at up to eight dose levels, in triplicate, both with and without the addition of a rat liver homogenate metabolizing system (10% liver S9 in standard co—factors). The dose range for the range-finding test was predetermined and was 1.5 to 5000 µg/plate. The experiment was repeated on a separate day using fresh cultures of the bacterial strains and fresh test item formulations. The dose range was amended, following the results of the range-finding test, and was 50 to 5000 µg/plate.
Results
The vehicle (tetrahydrofuran) control plates gave counts of revertant colonies within the normal range. All of the positive control chemicals used in the test induced marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies, both with or without metabolic activation. Thus, the sensitivity of the assay and the efficacy of the S9-mix were validated.
The maximum dose level of the test item was selected as the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 ug/plate in each experiment. There was no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawns at any dose level, either in the absence and presence of metabolic activation (S9 -mix) respectively in either experiment. A test item precipitate (greasy in appearance) was noted at and above 500 ug/plate; this observation did not prevent the scoring of revertant colonies.
There were no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9 -mix) in experiment 1. Similarly, no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9 -mix) in experiment 2.
Conclusion
The test substance was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of this test.
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