No IUPAC name is currently defined for Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Nutshell Extract, Decarboxylated (Technical Grade).

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

temperature deviations were reported during the acclimisation period and there was an error in preparation of fresh test media for dosing at 24 hours

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: 0 and 1000 mg/l nominal WAF loading rate
- Sampling method: The concentration, homogeneity and stability of the test material in the test preparations were not determined. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis was performed on the test preparations at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Duplicate samples were taken and stored at -20°C for further analysis if necessary.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Not reported.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION OF SYNTHETIC SEAWATER
Tropic Marin(R) Synthetic Sea Salt (5100 g) was dispersed in a volume of 200 litres of water, giving a nominal salinity of 22 ppt. The pH was adjusted to 8.0 using 10 M HCl.

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: 21.00 g of test material was added to the surface of 21 litres of synthetic seawater. The synthetic seawater was then stirred by magnetic stirrer using a stirring rate such that a vortex was formed to give a dimple at the water surface. Stirring was conducted for 16 hours. The mixture was then allowed to stand for 4 hours. A wide bore glass tube, covered at one end with Nescofilm was submerged into the vessel to a depth of 5 cm from the bottom of the vessel. A length of Tygon tubing was inserted into the glass tube and pushed through the Nescofilm seal. The aqueous phase or WAF was removed by mid-depth siphoning (the first 75-100 ml discarded) to give the 1000 mg/l loading rate WAF.
- Evidence of undissolved material: Microscopic inspection of the WAF showed no micro-dispersions or undissolved test material to be present.
- Observations on test material solubility: At the start and end of the mixing period, and after the 4 hour settlement period, the test media was observed to be a clear colourless water column with a dark brown poly slick of test material on the surface. After siphoning, and for the test duration, the test media was observed to be a clear, colourless solution

Test organisms (species):

Cyprinodon variegatus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Sheepshead minnow
- Source: Aquatic Research Organisms, New Hampshire, USA and maintained in-house since 29 July 2005 in a glass tank with an activated carbon recirculation system
- Age at study initiation: Juvenile
- Length at study initiation: Mean standard length of 1.8 cm (SD = 0.3)
- Weight at study initiation: Mean weight of 0.22 g (SD = 0.6)
- Feeding during test: Fish were not fed during the test


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Fish were acclimitised to test conditions from 24 November 2005 to 6 December 2005
- Acclimation conditions: Same as test conditions
- Type and amount of food: Commercial Tetramin(R) flake food, which was discontinued approximately 24 hours prior to the test
- Feeding frequency: Not stated
- Health during acclimation: Less than 1% mortality occurred in the 7 days prior to the test

Test type:

other: semi-static for the first 24 hours, static for the remainder of the test

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

Not reported

Hardness:

Not relevant

Test temperature:

Refer to Table 1

During the acclimitisation period, temperate was controlled at 19.1°C to 23.6°C, although it was reported to be above the 18°C to 22°C range on three days. This deviation was not considered to affect the validity or intergrity of the study on the basis that zero mortality was observed during the acclimitisation period.

pH:

Refer to Table 1

Dissolved oxygen:

Refer to Table 1

Salinity:

Refer to Table 1

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0 and 1000 mg/l nominal WAF loading rate

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material: 20 litre glass vessel, covered to reduce evaporation
- Aeration: Aerated via narrow bore glass tubes
- Renewal rate of test solution: Due to a technical error, preparation of fresh test media for dosing at 24 hours was incorrectly performed. Therefore, it was not possible to use the freshly prepared test media at 24 hours. To avoid the unnecessary use of additional test organisms for ethical reasons, testing was continued under a static regime as opposed to using semi-static conditions
- No. of organisms per vessel: Ten (Three in the range-finding study)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Two (One in the range-finding study)
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): One
- Biomass loading rate: 0.11 g/l


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Synthetic seawater. Tropic Marin(R) Synthetic Sea Salt (5100 g) was dispersed in a volume of 200 litres of water, giving a nominal salinity of 22 ppt. The pH was adjusted to 8.0 using 10 M HCl
- Total organic carbon: Refer to Table 2
- Intervals of water quality measurement: 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Not stated
- Photoperiod: 16 hour light, 8 hour darkness with 20 minute dawn and dusk transitions
- Light intensity: Not stated


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Mortality and any sublethal effects of exposure, determined by visual inspection after 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: 0 and 1000 mg/l nominal WAF loading rate
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0 and 1000 mg/l nominal WAF loading rate
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No mortality and no sub-lethal effects were noted in the range-finding test.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

3 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

3 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

6 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

6 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

No mortalities occured at a concentration of 1000 mg/l nominal WAF loading rate and no sub-lethal effects were noted after 96 hours.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Statistical analysis of the data was not warranted on the basis that no mortality occurred in this study.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The test substance was not toxic to the Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinidon variegatus) at a loading rate of 1000 mg/L nominal WAF

Executive summary:

In a 96-hour acute toxicity study, Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinidon variegatus) were exposed to Cardolite NC-603 (technical grade)at nominal concentrations of 0 and 1000 mg/L WAF under static conditions.  The 96-hour LL₅₀was >1000 mg/L nominal WAF. No signs of toxicity were noted.

 

This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement for a fish acute toxicity study.

Results Synopsis

 

Test organism size/age (mean wet weight or length): Juvenile, mean standard length of 1.8 cm (SD = 0.3), mean weight of 0.22 g (SD = 0.6)

Test Type: Static

 

LL₅₀:  >1000 mg/L nominal WAF

NOELR:  1000 mg/L nominal WAF

Endpoint(s) Effected: None

Additional information

In a 96-hour acute toxicity study, Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinidon variegatus) were exposed to Cardolite NC-603 (Technical Grade) at nominal concentrations of 0 and 1000 mg/L WAF under static conditions.

 

No mortalities occurred at a concentration of 1000 mg/l nominal WAF loading rate and no sub-lethal effects were noted after 96 hours.

 

The 96-hour LL₅₀was >1000 mg/L nominal WAF.

 

The study is classified as Klimisch Code 2 (reliable with restriction) as it was performed to an internationally recognised method (OECD 203) and was conducted to Good Laboratory Practice. However, temperature deviations were reported during the acclimatisation period, the homogeneity and stability of the test material in the test preparations were not determined and an error in preparation of fresh test media for dosing at 24 hours resulted in a change from a semi-static to static study.