No IUPAC name is currently defined for Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Nutshell Extract, Decarboxylated (Technical Grade).

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: ISO TC147/SC5/WG2 "Water Quality, Determination of Acute Lethal Toxicity to Marine Copepods (Copepoda, Crustacea)" (Now ISO 14669)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: 0 and 1000 mg/l nominal WAF loading rate (0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/l nominal WAF loading rate in the range-finding study)
- Sampling method: The concentration, homogeneity and stability of the test material in the test preparations were not determined. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis was performed on the test preparations at 0 and 48 hours. Duplicate samples were taken and stored at -20°C for further analysis if necessary.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Not reported

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION OF SYNTHETIC SEAWATER
Tropic Marin(R) Synthetic Sea Salt (750 g) was dispersed in a volume of 20 litres of water, giving a nominal salinity of 31.6 ppt. The pH was adjusted to 7.9 using 10 M HCl.

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: 2.50 g of test material was added to the surface of 2.5 litres of synthetic seawater (prepared using Tropic Marin(R) Synthetic Sea Sailt). The synthetic seawater was then stirred by magnetic stirrer using a stirring rate such that a vortex was formed to give a dimple at the water surface. Stirring was conducted for 16 hours. The mixture was then allowed to stand for 4 hours. A wide bore glass tube, covered at one end with Nescofilm was submerged into the vessel to a depth of 5 cm from the bottom of the vessel. A length of Tygon tubing was inserted into the glass tube and pushed through the Nescofilm seal. The aqueous phase or WAF was removed by mid-depth siphoning (the first 75-100 ml discarded) to give the 1000 mg/l loading rate WAF.
- Evidence of undissolved material: Microscopic inspection of the WAF showed no micro-dispersions or undissolved test material to be present.

Test organisms (species):

other aquatic crustacea: Acartia tonsa

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Copepod
- Source: Guernsey Sea Farms, Vale, Guernsey, UK
- Age at study initiation: 12-14 days on day of supply
- Weight at study initiation: Not stated
- Length at study initiation: Not stated
- Feeding during test: Organisms were not fed during the test


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: None reported
- Acclimation conditions: Prior to dispatch, organisms were held in sea water with a salinity of 33 ± 2 ppt at 20 ± 1°C
- Type and amount of food: Prior to dispatch, organisms were fed on a mixed culture of marine algae

Test type:

static

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

Not reported

Hardness:

Not relevant

Test temperature:

Refer to Table 1

pH:

Refer to Table 1

Dissolved oxygen:

Refer to Table 1

Salinity:

31.6 ppt in the definitive test, 31.8 ppt in the range-finding study

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0 and 1000 mg/l nominal WAF loading rate

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material: 50 ml glass jar containing 25 ml of test preparation, covered to reduce evaporation
- Aeration: Not reported
- Renewal rate of test solution: Test solution was not renewed
- No. of organisms per vessel: Five
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Eight
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): Four
- Biomass loading rate: Not reported


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Synthetic seawater. Tropic Marin(R) Synthetic Sea Salt (750 g) was dispersed in a volume of 20 litres of water, giving a nominal salinity of 31.6 ppt. The pH was adjusted to 7.9 using 10 M HCl.
- Total organic carbon: Refer to Table 2
- Intervals of water quality measurement: 0 and 48 hours (pH, dissolved oxygen); 0, 24 and 48 hours (temperature)


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Not stated
- Photoperiod: 16 hour light, 8 hour darkness with 20 minute dawn and dusk transitions
- Light intensity: Not stated


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Mortality or adverse reactions to exposure. Mortality was considered to have occurred if Acartia tonsa were unable to swim for approximately 10 seconds after gentle agitation


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: 0 and 1000 mg/l nominal WAF loading rate
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/l nominal WAF loading rate
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No mortality occurred in the range-finding study

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

3,5-dichlorophenol

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

No mortalities occured at a concentration of 1000 mg/l nominal WAF loading rate

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid?: Yes
- Mortality: 35% mortality after 24 hours, 70% mortality after 48 hours. Refer to Table 3.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Statistical analysis of the data was not warranted on the basis that no mortality occurred in this study.

Table 3: Cumulative mortality data in the positive control

	Cumulative mortality (initial population 5 per replicate)
	24						48
Replicate	1	2	3	4	Total	%	1	2	3	4	Total	%
Positive control (1 mg/l)	1	3	1	2	7	35	3	5	2	4	14	70

Conclusions:

The test substance was not toxic to the Copepod (Acartia tonsa) at a loading rate of 1000 mg/L nominal WAF

Executive summary:

In a 48-hour acute toxicity study, Copepod (Acartia tonsa) were exposed to Cardolite NC-603 (technical grade)at nominal concentrations of 0 and 1000 mg/L WAF under static conditions.  The 48-hour LL₅₀was >1000 mg/L nominal WAF.

 

This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement for a invertebrate acute toxicity study.

Results Synopsis

Test Type: Static

LL₅₀:  >1000 mg/L nominal WAF

NOELR:  1000 mg/L nominal WAF

Additional information

In a 48-hour acute toxicity study, Copepod (Acartia tonsa) were exposed to Cardolite NC-603 (Technical Grade) at nominal concentrations of 0 and 1000 mg/L WAF under static conditions. 

 

No mortalities occurred at a concentration of 1000 mg/l nominal WAF loading rate.

 

The 48-hour LL50 was >1000 mg/L nominal WAF.

 

The study is classified as Klimisch Code 2 (reliable with restriction) as it was performed to an internationally recognised method (ISO 14669).