2-vinylpyridine

Acute Toxicity: dermal

Administrative data

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1981

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Similar to guideline (U.S. EPA OPP) method.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1992

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPP 81-2 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

This study utilized an EPA approved guideline study format (40 CFR 789.1100).

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-vinylpyridine

EC Number:

202-879-8

EC Name:

2-vinylpyridine

Cas Number:

100-69-6

Molecular formula:

C7H7N

IUPAC Name:

2-ethenylpyridine

Details on test material:

98.7%

Test animals

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Sex:

male

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Animals were individually housed in suspended stainless steel cages. Animal rooms were maintained at 68 ± 3 degrees F, relative humidity of 30-70%, with a minimum of 10-13 complete air changes per hour, and a 12 hour light-dark cycle. Animals were supplied with a commercial rabbit ration and municipal tap water ad libitum. There were no known contaminants present in the feed, water or bedding expected to interfere with the test data. Upon receipt, animals were quarantined under the same conditions as for the actual test.
The application sites were prepared by clipping the skin of the trunk free of hair approximately 24 hours prior to application of the test substance. The site of application was not abraded intentionally nor accidently during the preparation. The test substance was introduced under gauze patches and applied directly to the skin. The patches were secured in place by wrapping the entrie trunk of the animal with Vetrap impervious bandaging (3M, St. Louis, MO). At the completion of the exposure period, the wrapping was removed and the skin gently wiped and rinsed with USP water, to remove any test substance still remaining.

Administration / exposure

Type of coverage:

occlusive

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on dermal exposure:

Substance was applied undiluted to clipped skin of the back area corresponding to about 10% of the total body surface area. At the completion of the exposure period, the wrapping was removed and the skin gently wiped and rinsed with USP water, to remove any test substance remaining. The animals were observed for signs of erythema and edema after the 24-hour exposure period.

Duration of exposure:

24 hours

Doses:

0.9, 0.65 and 0.40 g/kg body weight.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

After a 24 hour exposure, the wrappings were removed and the site was washed with water and dried. The animals were observed and weighed over a 14-day period. Skin reactions were graded according to the Draize Scale for Scoring Skin Reactions (Erythema and Eschar formation (0 to 4) and Edema formation (0 to 4). Upon sacrifice or death, necropsies were undertaken.

Statistics:

LD50 program of RJ Tallarida and RB Murray, "Litchfield and Wilcoxon II, Manual of Pharmacologic Calculations with Computer Programs, Springer-Verlag, NY, 1986, pp. 159-164.

Results and discussion

Preliminary study:

All rabbits died at the 1.0 g/kg dose level. Erythema (necrosis) and edema (scores =4) were noted on all animals on Day 1. The doses selected for the LD50 study were 0.40, 0.65, and 0.90 g/kg.

Effect levels

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

650 mg/kg bw

Mortality:

All animals in the 0.90 g/kg dose group died within the first hour following application of the test substance. In the 0.65 g/kg dose group, 8 of 10 animals died within 3 hours following dosing.

Clinical signs:

other: Clinical signs in the 0.90 and 0.65 g/kg dose groups included cyanosis, tachypnea and asphyxial convulsions. Skin reactions scores for erythema were 2 and 3, and for edema were 1 and 2 for both dose groups

Gross pathology:

At gross necropsy, animals displayed hemorrhaging of the nictitating membrane, lung, and heart, and cyanosis of the ears.

Other findings:

In the low dose group, only skin signs were observed (Erythema of 2 and 3, and Edema of 1 and 2).

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

Category 2 based on GHS criteria

Remarks:

Migrated information

Conclusions:

LD50 in rabbits was 0.64 g or 640 mg/kg body weight after a 24-hour occluded exposure to 2-Vinylpyridine. This corresponds to GHS Acute Dermal Toxicity Category II.