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EC number: 229-851-8 | CAS number: 6786-83-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to reproduction
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- reproductive toxicity, other
- Remarks:
- organ toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- Data from study report
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 015
- Report date:
- 2015
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guideline 407
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Effects on male and female reproductive organs were studies in the 28 day repeated oral toxicity study
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Limit test:
- no
- Justification for study design:
- No data available
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- α,α-bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-4-(phenylamino)naphthalene-1-methanol (Solvent Blue 4) (containing less than 0.1% Michler’s Ketone)
- IUPAC Name:
- α,α-bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-4-(phenylamino)naphthalene-1-methanol (Solvent Blue 4) (containing less than 0.1% Michler’s Ketone)
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material: 1-Naphthalenemethanol, .alpha.,.alpha.-bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-4-(phenylamino)-
- Molecular formula: C33H33N3O
- Molecular weight: 487.644 g/mol
- Smiles notation: N(c1ccc(cc1)C(c1ccc(N(C)C)cc1)(c1c2c(c(Nc3ccccc3)cc1)cccc2)O)(C)C
- InChl: 1S/C33H33N3O/c1-35(2)27-18-14-24(15-19-27)33(37,25-16-20-28(21-17-25)36(3)4)31-22-23-32(30-13-9-8-12-29(30)31)34-26-10-6-5-7-11-26/h5-23,34,37H,1-4H3
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: solid
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Details on species / strain selection:
- No data available
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Source: Central Animal Facility (CAF), NIPER, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India.
- Age at study initiation: (P) x wks; (F1) x wks:
( P) 7 to 8 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: (P) Males: x-x g; Females: x-x g: Male 196.26 - 241.83 g,
Female 182.80-213.04 g
(F1) Males: x-x g; Females: x-x g: No data available
- Fasting period before study: A fast of 2h before chemical administered.
- Housing: Animals were housed four rats per sex per cage in sterilized solid bottom polypropylene cages with stainless steel grill tops with facilities for food, water bottles and bedding of clean paddy husk. The cages were suspended on stainless steel racks. Identified by assigned a unique identification (ID) number written on the tail, also specified on individual cage tag.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Standard laboratory sterile extruded pelleted rodent feed, ad libitum.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 3 °C
- Humidity (%): 30-70 %
- Air changes (per hr): 25 ± 5 air changes per hour.
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light and 12 hours dark
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Potable tap water filtered through Reviva Reverse Osmosis
System (water filter cum purifier) of Eureka Forbes was provided in polypropylene bottles with stainless steel sipper tubes, ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: 5 days
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- corn oil
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: Dose of the test item was freshly prepared prior to dosing on each day. The test chemical was administered to each rat at the dose levels of 50, 150 or 450 mg/kg in the dose volume of 10 ml/kg body weight. The test item was weighed on a weighing balance. Then, it was transferred to calibrated falcon tube. Some quantity of the corn oil was added initially and vortexed. The sufficient quantity of vehicle was added to make up the required volume of dose.
Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): Corn oil was used as a vehicle for this study as the test item was not soluble in water and to deliver the desired dose levels because it is also recommended in the toxicological evaluation guidelines.
- Concentration in vehicle: 0, 50, 150 or 450 mg/kg body weight /day
Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 10 ml/kg body weight
- Lot/batch no. (if required): No data available - Details on mating procedure:
- No data available
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 28 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
- Details on study schedule:
- No data available
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- 0, 50, 150 or 450 mg/kg/body weight/day
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Total : 56
0 mg/kg/body weight/day: 7 male, 7 female
50 mg/kg/body weight/day: 7 male, 7 female
150 mg/kg/body weight/day: 7 male, 7 female
450 mg/kg/body weight/day: 7 male, 7 female - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- No data available
- Positive control:
- No data available
Examinations
- Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
- Mortality and changes in body weight of the male and female reproductive organs like the testis, epidydimydes, uterus and ovary respectively were noted. In addition, food consumption, water consumption and locomotor activity effects were also recorded.
In male rats, relative organ weight of brain was significantly increased while no changes were observed in female organ weight when treated with 50 mg/kg/body weight/day as compare to control. - Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
- No data available
- Sperm parameters (parental animals):
- No data available
- Litter observations:
- No data available
- Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
- Testes, ovaries and uterus were pathologically examined after termination. Examinations also included weight of brain, epididymides, and ovaries (incl. paired ovaries and uterus, including cervix).
- Postmortem examinations (offspring):
- No data available
- Statistics:
Statistical analysis was carried out by using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS statistics version- 20.0. All analyses and comparisons were evaluated at the 5 % level, statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) indicated by appropriate notation. The focus was to examine the mean differences and their significance in control vs low-dose group only as there was total mortality observed in mid and high-dose groups in both the sexes. The statistical decision was taken by preparing the univariant GLM MODEL to check the significance between above mentioned groups. For multiple comparisons Turkey’s HSD test was applied.- Reproductive indices:
- No data available
- Offspring viability indices:
- No data available
Results and discussion
Results: P0 (first parental generation)
General toxicity (P0)
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Some abnormalities like nasal discharge, red crust around nostrils and soft feces were common to all the groups in both the sexes and hence can be considered as background notations. Vocalization on handling was observed in low and mid-dose groups of both sexes. Decreased locomotion was confined to few mid and high-dose groups. Shallow/abdominal breathing was observed in both mid and high-dose groups. There was one case of dehydration and thin body condition in mid-dose male animals. The staining of fore paw was confined to high–dose group of male and female animals.
- Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
- not specified
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence):
- In high-dose group of male rats the mortality was observed on the day 3, 4, 5, whereas in the mid-dose male rats the mortality was observed in the day 4, 5, 7, 8, and 11. In high-dose females the mortality was seen on day 3, 4 and 5 and in the mid-dose female animals of the mortality was found on day 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10. Only the animals of control and low-dose group survived throughout the treatment period of 28 days.
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- The mean body weights of all dose groups of surviving animals were calculated and compared with the control animal data. In male animals, a significant decrease has been noticed in the body weight of low-dose group as compared to control animals on days 15, 22, 28 and also on terminal day. A significant decrease was also noticed in the body weight of female animal treated with low-dose taken on days 22, 28 and terminal day.
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- In low-dose group animals the average food consumption (g/rat/day) was calculated and compared with the control. No difference was observed among low-dose group of male as well as female animals. The data of mid-dose and high-dose group could not be used for statistics as there was mortality observed in both the sexes in the first week itself.
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Average water consumption (ml/rat/day) was calculated and compared with the control. No difference was observed among low-dose group of male as well as female animals. The data of mid-dose and high-dose group could not be used for statistics as there was mortality observed in
both the sexes in the first week itself. - Ophthalmological findings:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No abnormalities were found in the ophthalmological examination (control vs. low-dose treated group).
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- In male rats, RBC count and percentage of monocytes increased significantly (p≤0.05) in lowdose treated group as compared to control animals. However, in female rats, no significant changes were observed in any of the hematological parameters.
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- In male rats, the levels of potassium and total proteins were elevated significantly (p≤0.05) in low-dose group as compared to control animals. In female rats, low-dose treatment resulted in significant decrease in the level of total bile acid (p≤0.01) as compared to the control animals
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Locomotor activity was decreased significantly in the female animals of low-dose group as compared to control animals.
- Immunological findings:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No significant changes were observed in control as well as in low-dose group animals. Few microscopic findings were observed in control as well as in low-dose treated animals which include excess of lymphocytes in bronchi and alveoli of lungs, in ileum and colon. These types of findings may be considered to be within the range of normal background lesions which may be seen in rats of this strain and age of this study type and were considered incidental in nature with carbon dioxide inhalation and terminal changes at sacrifice, reflecting the usual individual variability.
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Other effects:
- not specified
Reproductive function / performance (P0)
- Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
- not specified
- Reproductive function: sperm measures:
- not specified
- Reproductive performance:
- not specified
Effect levels (P0)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 50 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- clinical signs
- mortality
- body weight and weight gain
- food consumption and compound intake
- water consumption and compound intake
- ophthalmological examination
- haematology
- clinical biochemistry
- organ weights and organ / body weight ratios
- gross pathology
- histopathology: non-neoplastic
- Remarks on result:
- other: No effects on reproductive organ weight
Target system / organ toxicity (P0)
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- System:
- other: not specified
- Organ:
- not specified
Results: F1 generation
General toxicity (F1)
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
- not examined
- Mortality / viability:
- not examined
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not examined
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- not examined
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not examined
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Sexual maturation:
- not examined
- Anogenital distance (AGD):
- not examined
- Nipple retention in male pups:
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not examined
- Gross pathological findings:
- not examined
- Histopathological findings:
- not examined
- Other effects:
- not examined
Developmental neurotoxicity (F1)
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
Developmental immunotoxicity (F1)
- Developmental immunotoxicity:
- not examined
Effect levels (F1)
- Dose descriptor:
- other: not specified
- Generation:
- other: not specified
- Based on:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Basis for effect level:
- other: not specified
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
Target system / organ toxicity (F1)
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- System:
- other: not specified
- Organ:
- not specified
Overall reproductive toxicity
- Reproductive effects observed:
- not specified
- Treatment related:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Summary of Reproductive Organ Weights (Male Rats)
Group/Dose |
|
Testes |
Epididymides |
1/0 mg/kg bw |
Mean |
0.9930 |
0.4157 |
SD |
0.1199 |
0.0675 |
|
SEM |
0.0453 |
0.0255 |
|
2/50 mg/kg bw |
Mean |
1.0826 |
0.4780 |
SD |
0.1111 |
0.0530 |
|
SEM |
0.0420 |
0.0200 |
No significance attributed to the body weight changes in comparison to control groups
Summary of Reproductive Organ Weights (Female Rats)
Group/Dose |
|
Uterus |
Ovaries |
5/0 mg/kg bw |
Mean |
0.2915 |
0.0441 |
SD |
0.0519 |
0.0188 |
|
SEM |
0.0196 |
0.0071 |
|
6/50 mg/kg bw |
Mean |
0.2346 |
0.0412 |
SD |
0.0701 |
0.0155 |
|
SEM |
0.0265 |
0.0059 |
No significance attributed to the body weight changes in comparison to control groups
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Male and female rats dosed with 50 mg/kg bw of Solvent blue 4 did not show appreciable difference in the weight of testes & epidydimides and uterus and ovaries respectively, as compared to the control. No significance attributed to the reproductive organ body weight changes in comparison to control groups. Hence the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for the parents has been concluded to be 50 mg/kg bw
- Executive summary:
In a 28 days repeated dose toxicity study, the effect of test chemical (containing less than 0.1% Michler's Ketone) was evaluated in male and female Sprague Dawley rats .TheSprague Dawley (SD) rats of 7-8 weeks old were divided into four groups of each sex and each group comprised of either 7 males or 7 females. Test chemical was administered at the dose levels of 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days by oral route. Male animals were divided into four groups, group 1 served as control and group 2, 3 and 4 served as low, mid and high-dose group respectively. Female animals were divided into four groups, group 5 served as control and group 6, 7 and 8 served as low, mid and high-dose group respectively. Corn oil was used as vehicle for the present study.
In 450 mg/kg/day dose treatment group in male, the mortality was observed on the day 3, 4, 5, whereas in the 150 mg/kg/day dose treatment group in male rats the mortality was observed in the day 4, 5, 7, 8, and 11. In 450 mg/kg/day dose treatment group in females the mortality was seen on day 3, 4 and 5 and in the 150 mg/kg/day –dose treatment group in female animals’ mortality was found on day 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 after the administration of test chemical.At the end of the 28 days study only male and female animals of control and 50 mg/kg/day dose groupsurvived up to the completion of the treatment period. During the treatment period, detailed clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption were recorded weekly. In the groups survived after 28 days of treatment, no abnormalities were found in the ophthalmological examination (control vs. low-dose treated group). However, a significant decrease was observed in the motor activity of treated female animals as compared to the control animals.After the completion of dosing period, blood was collected from all the surviving animals forhematology and clinical biochemistry analysis. All survived animals were sacrificed on the day of
study termination and gross lesions as well as the weight of different organs were recorded. Allorgans were fixed in 10 % formal saline, except the reproductive organs, which were fixed inBouin’s fixative for short duration and thereafter shifted to 10 % formal saline.
In the terminally sacrificed and the animals died during treatment, the necropsy findings that werecommon to all the dosed treated groups include bluish stained perineum and alimentary canal whichinclude stomach and intestine.The finding of stomach blotted with gastric content was common to all the treated group maleanimals and in one female animal of 450 mg/kg/day dose treated group. Mild blue tinged patches were observed in 50 mg/kg/day dose treated male rats. The enlargement of atria in heart, lung congestion and marked thinning of fore stomach wall was confined to 150 mg/kg/day and 450 mg/kg/day dose groups of both the sexes as observed after mortality. White / pale patches on liver / liver congestion / dark reddish liver were confined to 450 mg/kg/day dose group of male and female animals during the time of gross necropsy after mortality. In male rats, the relative weight of brain was significantly increased in 50 mg/kg/day -dose group as compared to control group.Hematology of male animals showed a significant elevation in the red blood cell count as well asthe percentage of monocytes in the 50 mg/kg/day dose group as compared to control animals.
In male rats, significant elevation in the levels of potassium and total proteins was noticed with 50 mg/kg/day dose treatment as compared to control animals.In female rat, significant decrease in the level of total bile acid was noticed in the 50 mg/kg/day dose treated animals as compared to control animals.In the microscopic histopathological study there was no significant change observed in 50 mg/kg/day dose group animals as compared to control animals. Few microscopic findings were observed in control
as well as in 50 mg/kg/day dose treated animals, which include excess of lymphocytes in bronchi and alveoli of lungs, ileum and colon. These types of findings may be considered within the range of normalbackground lesions, which are seen in rats with the age groups used in the present study. Further,these types of changes were considered incidental in nature with carbon dioxide inhalation. Male and female rats dosed with 50 mg/kg bw of Solvent blue 4 did not show appreciable difference in the weight of testes & epidydimides and uterus and ovaries respectively, as compared to the control. No significance attributed to the reproductive organ body weight changes in comparison to control groups. Hence the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for the parents has been concluded to be 50 mg/kg bw
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