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EC number: 247-156-8 | CAS number: 25640-78-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
To assess the aquatic toxicity of (1-methylethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (isopropylbiphenyl, MIPB), data resulting from the supporting substance 4-ethyl-1,1'-biphenyl (4-EB) have been used in addition to test results obtained with isopropylbiphenyl. Utilisation of 4-ethylbiphenyl data is based on following reasons. Both substances, isopropylbiphenyl and 4-ethylbiphenyl, are closely related. Main molecular structure is the same (aromatic biphenyl-ring system substituted by a short chain alkyl group). They differ only in the alkyl-side chain by one methyl group which is absent in ethylbiphenyl. Physicochemical parameters are estimated to be very similar as well as behaviour in the environment. Metabolism is expected to follow the same principles (primary biotransformation in the alkyl-side chain eventually followed by hydroxylation of the biphenyl-ring system). According to their properties, toxicity of the two substances will be very similar. On these grounds, data obtained with ethylbiphenyl will also be used for characterisation of (1-methylethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl.
Toxicity data, acute and chronic, that have been located, are displayed in the following table:
Test Organism |
Test Method |
Toxicity values [mg/L] |
Reliability |
Source |
Fish |
||||
adult |
OECD 203 |
LC50(96 h) >0.75 |
MIPB |
Ozburn et al. 1980 |
fry |
US-EPA 1975. |
LC50(96 h) = 0.28 |
MIPB |
Ozburn et al. 1980 |
adult |
OECD 203 |
LC50(96 h) = 0.60 |
4-EB |
NITE 1999 |
Spawn, hatch, fry |
US-EPA1975 |
NOEC(21d) = 0.43 |
MIPB |
Ozburn et al. 1980 |
Daphnia |
||||
|
OECD 202 |
EC50(48 h) = 0.24 |
MIPB |
Muckle 2012 |
|
OECD 202 |
EC50(48 h) = 0.17 |
MIPB |
Mendoza 1981 |
|
OECD 202 |
EC50(48 h) = 0.27 |
4-EB |
NITE 1999 |
|
OECD 211 |
NOEC(21d) = 0.028 |
4-EB |
NITE 1999 |
Alga |
||||
|
OECD 201 |
ErL50(72h) >100 NOELR = 100 |
MIPB |
Aniol et al. 2011 |
|
OECD 201 |
ErC50(72 h) = 0.15 NOEC(72 h) = 0.027 |
4-EB |
NITE 2011 |
MIPB = (1-methylethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl [CAS no. 25640-78-2]
4-EB = 4-Ethylbiphenyl [CAS no. 5707-44-8]
Short-term toxicity to fish
For assessment of the short-term toxicity of (1-methylethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl to fish, one study for each, MIPB and 4-EB, is available (Ozburn et al. 1980 and CHRIP/NITE 1999). The study of Ozburn does not follow OECD/EU guidelines. In two 96h-flow-through tests, toxicity of MIPB to adult fish and to fry of flagfish was examined resulting in LC50 values of >0.75 and 0.28 mg/L, respectively. The study of CHRIP/NITE follows OECD TG 203. The 96h-LC50 with ricefish was 0.6 mg/L.
The 96h-LC50 values for adult fish of both studies fall in the same range. The lower value of 0.6 mg/L (CHRIP/NITE) for the supporting substance 4-ethylbiphenyl is used in the further assessment of (1-methylethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl.
Long-term toxicity to fish
In an early long-term toxicity study using flagfish, the endpoints of spawning impairment, hatching impairment (exposure period for each 21 d) and toxicity to fry (exposure period 10 d) were examined (Ozburn et al 1980). Thresholds (not further specified) determined were >0.42, >0.47 and 0.43 mg/L, respectively. The lowest distinct value (0.43 mg/L) is taken as key value for long-term toxicity to fish. But it is pointed out, that the LC50 established in a 96 h/4 d test with flagfish fry (0.28 mg/L) is lower than the threshold for the 10 d exposure test (0.43 mg/L). As there are other aquatic long term toxicity data available that are lower, this discrepancy is not further valued.
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
For assessment of the short-term toxicity of (1-methyethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl to aquatic invertebrates, two studies are available (Muckle/LAUS 2012 and Mendoza/DOW 1981). One of them (Muckle/LAUS) was performed according to OECD TG 202 under GLP conditions. Results of both studies fall in the same range. 48h-EC50 was 0.24 and 0.167 mg/L respectively. For the supporting substance 4-ethylbiphenyl, a 48 h EC50 of 0.27 mg/L was determined in a test according to OECD TG 202 (CHRIP/NITE 1999). This is in good agreement with the results for MIPB.
The value of 0.24 mg/L of the Muckle/LAUS study is used as key value in the further assessment of (1-methylethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl as this is the lower of the two results from the guideline studies.
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Results are only available from a study with the supporting substance 4-ethylbiphenyl (CHRIP/NITE 1999). In this test according to OECD TG 211, the 21 d NOEC and the 21 d EC50 were determined to be 0.028 mg/L and 0.082 mg/L, respectively.
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Aquatic toxicity to algae and cyanobacteria was investigated in two studies according to OECD TG 201 using (1-methylethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (Aniol/STZ 2011) and 4-ethylbiphenyl (CHRIP/NITE 1999) as test substance. The study of Aniol/STZ is a limit test. A water accommodated fraction with a nominal load of 100 mg/L was applied. Concentrations of dissolved test material could not be verified. No inhibition of algal growth was observed with this test setup (72 h EL50 >100 mg/L, 72 h NOELR 100 mg/L).
The CHRIP/NITE study with 4-EB was a standard test using graduate test concentrations. The test resulted in a 72 h EC50 of 0.15 mg/L and a 72 h NOEC of 0.027 mg/L. These values are taken as key values for further consideration.
Toxicity to microorganisms
For assessment of the toxicity to microorganisms, results of a ready biodegradation study with (1-methylethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl are use. In the toxicity controls of the test, no inhibition of microbial activity was observed at a MIPB concentration of 19.65 mg/L. This value is taken as NOEC in assessing the toxicity of (1-methylethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl to STP microorganisms.
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