Inorganic residual from kraft or soda pulping separated from green liquor in the chemical recovery cycle.

Acute Toxicity: dermal

Administrative data

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

April-May 2010

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP-Study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Report date:

2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.3 (Acute Toxicity (Dermal))

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Inorganic residual from kraft or soda pulping separated from green liquor in the chemical recovery cycle.

EC Number:

923-511-9

IUPAC Name:

Inorganic residual from kraft or soda pulping separated from green liquor in the chemical recovery cycle.

Details on test material:

Name: "Green liquor sludge".Molecular formula: UVCB.Batch No.: Not stated.EC No.: 923-511-9.Appearance: Solid, light grey when dried.Solubility: In water: washed substance is not solubleIn other solvents: not available.pH: Not available.Conditions of storage: Room temperature. Storage in the dark but may be used under light.Stability at conditions of storage: Not available.Expiry date: Not available.

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Species, strain: Rats, Crl:CD(SD).Supplier: Charles River Deutschland GmbH, D-97633 Sulzfeld.Number of animals and sex: 5 males and 5 females, females were nulliparous and non-pregnant.Age: Approximately 8 weeks (males) and 12 weeks (females) at the time of administration.Health conditions: A health inspection was performed prior to the commencement of treatment to ensure, that the animals were in a good state of health. Special attention was paid to the skin to be treated, which was intact and free from any abnormality.Hygienic status: Optimal hygienic conditions.Room number: EI1-11.Room temperature: Ranges from 19.96 to 21.13 °C (continuous control and recording).Relative humidity: Ranges from 44.54 to 67.46 % (continuous control and recording).Air exchange: 12 per hour.Light: Artificial light from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m.Cages: Single caging in Makrolon cages type III (37.5 cm x 21.5 cm bottom area, 18 cm height). Wire mesh lids. Sanitation of cages once a week.Bedding material: Aspen wood chips, Fa. ABEDD Dominik Mayr KEG, A-8580 Köflach, autoclaved. Random samples of the bedding material are analysed for contaminants by the supplier. Changes 1 / week.Environmental enrichment: Nibbling wood bricks (10 cm x 2 cm x 2 cm) and nesting material, both from the same material and source as the bedding material, were offered to the animals once a week.Feed: Ssniff R/M-H maintenance diet for rats and mice (item V1534-300) ad libitum, supplied by Ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, 59494 Soest, Germany. Analysis of the feed for ingredients and contaminants is performed randomly by Ssniff.Water: Tap water, from an automatic watering system, ad libitum, random samples of the water are analysed by the "AGES", A-1226 Vienna, to check, if the water fulfils the requirements for drinking water for humans.Identification: Labelling with felt-tipped pen on the tail and on the cage. Acclimatisation: At least 7 days.

Administration / exposure

Type of coverage:

semiocclusive

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on dermal exposure:

A single dermal administration was performed by spreading the test substance on an area of at least 10 % of the estimated body surface:The body surface was calculated using the formula: body surface (cm²) = 10 x body weight (g)2/3 The test site was located on the dorsal thoracic region. An area of 6.5 cm x 8 cm (52 cm2) was marked on a relaxed animal.The hair of the dorsal trunk was clipped with an electrical hair clipper (Aesculap GH, 0.1 mm cutter head) one day before application of the test substance. The amounts of the test substance were calculated and weighed for each individual using the body weights determined on the day of the administration.A cellulose patch (Pehazell, Hartmann AG) with the calculated amount of the test substance on the surface and soaked with deionised water to get optimal contact with the skin, was applied to the test site and held in place by fixing marginally with non irritating tape (Blenderm Wundpflaster, 3M).The test site was covered by a semi-occlusive dressing (Fixomull Stretch, Fa. Beiersdorf).The duration of exposure was 24 hours.At the end of the exposure period the dressing, the tape and the patch were removed.Residual test substance was wiped off using wet cellulose tissue, if necessary.

Duration of exposure:

24 hours

Doses:

2000 mg/kg body weight

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

not required

Details on study design:

Observations were performed 0 - 0.5, > 0.5 - 1, > 1 - 2, > 2 - 4 and > 4 - 6 hours after administration of the test substance (p.a.) and then at least once a day for a total of 14 days. Observations included but were not limited to changes in skin, fur, eyes, the occurrence of secretions and excretions, autonomic activity, changes in gait, posture and the presence of convulsions.No skin examination of the administration site was possible during the exposure period, while it was covered by the patch and wrappings.Body weights were determined•before administration.•7 days p.a.•14 days p.a.Body weight gain was calculated for each week of the study, i.e. between •0 and 7 days p.a.•7 and 14 days p.a.All animals were sacrificed by inhalation of 80 % CO2 + 20 % O2 14 days p.a. and subjected to a necropsy including a gross pathological examination.

Results and discussion

Effect levels

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

wet weight (moisture content 53%)

Mortality:

All animals survived until the scheduled termination of the study.

Clinical signs:

other: General findings: All animals did not show any clinical signs during the entire observation period.Observations of skin condition: A black staining of the skin was observed in all animals from 1 d until a maximum of 3 d p.a. This stain is attributed to a

Gross pathology:

No abnormal findings were made in the animals at terminal necropsy.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table: Body weights and body weight gain.

Individual data, mean and standard deviation SD.

 

Dose	Animal	Body weight (g)				Body weight gain (g)
Sex	No.	before administr.	7 days p.a.	14 days p.a.	death	0-7 days p.a.	7-14 days p.a.
	11	284	329	365	-	45	36
2000 mg/kg	12	281	325	361	-	44	36
male	13	286	335	377	-	49	42
	14	278	313	339	-	35	26
	15	288	319	352	-	31	33
	mean	283.4	324.2	358.8	-	40.8	34.6
	SD	4.0	8.6	14.3	-	7.5	5.8
	16	235	248	255	-	13	7
2000 mg/kg	17	249	266	268	-	17	2
female	18	236	246	257	-	10	11
	19	251	273	293	-	22	20
	20	244	256	258	-	12	2
	mean	243.0	257.8	266.2	-	14.8	8.4
	SD	7.3	11.6	15.8	-	4.8	7.5

Table: Observations in life.

Findings	Dose (mg / kg), sex	No. of the affected animals	Observation time (p.a.)    first      last
test substance related stain of skin	2000, m	11	1 d - 3 d
		12	1 d
		13	1 d
		14	1 d
		15	1 d - 2 d
	2000, f	16	1 d
		17	1 d - 2 d
		18	1 d - 2 d
		19	1 d
		20	1 d - 2 d

Table: Necropsy findings.

SYSTEM Organ, finding	Dose (mg / kg) sex	No. of affected animals
no abnormal findings	2000, m	11, 12, 13, 14, 15
	2000, f	16, 17, 18, 19, 20

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

not classified

Remarks:

Migrated informationCriteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

No local or systemic test substance related effects were noted from clinical observations or post-mortem examination at a dose of 2000 mg test substance per kg body weight. The LD50,dermal of "Green liquor sludge" is higher than 2000 mg/kg body weight in rats.

Executive summary:

The aim of the study was to investigate acute toxic effects of the test substance after a single dermal administration to rats.

Methods and investigations were performed in conformance with the OECD-Guideline 402, 1987 and the Council Regulation (EC) No 440/2008, Method B.3.

"Green liquor sludge" was administered once topically on an area of approximately 6.5 cm x 8 cm on the dorsal thoracic region of 5 male and 5 female Sprague Dawley rats.

The dose was 2000 mg per kg body weight.

A cellulose patch with the calculated amount of the test substance on the surface and soaked with deionised water to get optimal contact with the skin, was applied to the test site and held in place by fixing marginally with non irritating tape.

The test site was covered by a semi-occlusive dressing.

The duration of the exposure was 24 hours.

Investigations

·      Body weights: before the administration, 7 and 14 days after the administration (p.a.).

·      Clinical observations: at least once per day.

·      Necropsy: All animals were sacrificed and necropsied 14 days p.a.

dose (mg/kg)	sex	No. of animals			prominent findings
		exposed	affected	deceased	in life		post mortem
					systemic	local
2000	male	5	0	0	none	none	none
2000	female	5	0	0	none	none	none

Staining of the skin which is attributed to the staining property of the test substance was observed in all animals.

 

presence of clinical signs	no signs
full recovery of the survivors	not applicable
body weights	all animals gained weight in both weeks p.a.
sex differences	no
findings in life and post-mortem indicate	no toxic effects present
LD50, dermal	> 2000 mg/kg body weight

 

 

Conclusion

No local or systemic toxic effects related to administration of the test substance were noted from clinical observations or post-mortem-examination at a dose of 2000 mg of the test substance per kg body weight.

No classification of "Greenliquor sludge" is therefore derived from the results of this study according to the Directive 2001/59/EC.