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EC number: 923-511-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Not a guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 004
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Different types of solid waste from KRAFT pulping process were mixed to different types of soil/substrate, and seed from different types of plants were planted in the mixtures in order to measure the effects of the dreg addition to germination and growth (height or fresh weight) of the plants.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available
- IUPAC Name:
- Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available
- Details on test material:
- Solid residues from Kraft pulping process: ashes, primary sludge, fly-ash, dregs, grits, and brown stock rejects.
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test solutions
- Details on test solutions:
- Hoagland's Medium was used in combination with the different residual materials in ratio 2,5 parts residue to 7,5 parts HM.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Lemna minor
- Details on test organisms:
- No data other than the name of the species was given.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 50 d
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- No data.
- Test temperature:
- 23-25 °C
- pH:
- Control: 4,80 Control, dregs: 8,81, ash: 9,16, fly-ash: 7,96, p.sludge: 8,10, b.rejects: 7,18, grits: 10,25
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- No data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- No data
- Details on test conditions:
- The duckweed fronds were cultivated In vitro in growth chambers provided with fluorescent lamps (Philips TLD 36W/54) with a photon flux of 45µmol/m2/s.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 50 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: number of fronds/flask
- Effect conc.:
- 25 other: % of the total substrate volume
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: control: 295,0 fronds
- Duration:
- 50 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: number of fronds/flask
- Effect conc.:
- 25 other: % of the total substrate volume
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: Dregs: 284,5 fronds
- Duration:
- 50 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: number of fronds/flask
- Effect conc.:
- 25 other: % of the total substrate volume
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ash: 128,5 fronds
- Duration:
- 50 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: number of fronds/flask
- Effect conc.:
- 25 other: % of the total substrate volume
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: Fly-ash: 422 fronds
- Duration:
- 50 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: % of the total substrate volume
- Effect conc.:
- 25
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: P.sludge: 363,3 fronds
- Duration:
- 50 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: number of fronds/flask
- Effect conc.:
- 25 other: % of the total substrate volume
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: B.rejects 204,0 fronds
- Duration:
- 50 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: total number of fronds/flask
- Effect conc.:
- 25 other: % of the total substrate volume
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: Grits: 10,5 fronds
- Details on results:
- For duckweed, a higher number of fronds and fresh weight were found in the presence of fly-ash and primary sludge in spite of the high pH values of the media (initial pH close to 8), as compared to plants developed in Hoagland's nutrient solution alone 8pH 4,8), after a 50-day culture period. The results are presented in table I.In contrast, ash, brown stock rejects, and especially grits strongly inhibited growth, causing chlorosis and early death of new fronds. It is assumed that other components present in these residues can account for these effects, besides the high pH levels.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table I. Growth responses of duckweed (Lemna minor) developing in the presence of cellulose mill residues.
Residue (Waste:HMaratio) | Fronds/Flask | Fresh weight (mg) | pH |
Control (0:10) | 295,0 | 365 | 4,80 |
Dregs (2,5:7,5) | 284,5 | 399 | 8,81 |
Ash (2,5:7,5) | 128,5 | 198 | 9,16 |
Fly-ash (2,5:7,5) | 355,6 | 422 | 7,96 |
Primary sludge(2,5:7,5) | 363,3 | 710,3 | 8,10 |
Brown rejects (2,5:7,5) | 204,0 | 344 | 7,18 |
Grits (2,5:7,5) | 10,5 | 4,3 | 10,25 |
aHoagland’s Medium
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In the presence of fly-ash and primary sludge the growth of duckweed was enhanced. Ash, brown stocke rejects and grits srtongly inhibited growth and caused early death and chlorosis in the fronds. It is assumed that other components present in these residues can account for this effect besides the high pH levels.
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