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EC number: 923-511-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Not a guideline study.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 004
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Dregs from KRAFT pulping process were mixed to different types of soil, and seed from different types of plants were planted in the mixtures in order to measure the effects of the dreg addition to germination and growth (height or fresh weight) of the plants.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Inorganic residual from kraft or soda pulping separated from green liquor in the chemical recovery cycle.
- EC Number:
- 923-511-9
- IUPAC Name:
- Inorganic residual from kraft or soda pulping separated from green liquor in the chemical recovery cycle.
- Details on test material:
- Dregs from KRAFT pulping process, no composition data.
Constituent 1
Test organisms
open allclose all
- Species:
- other: Pinus radiata (Monterey pine)
- Plant group:
- Gymnospermae (conifers)
- Species:
- other: Eucalyptus globulus
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Species:
- other: Oryza sativa, cv. 'Diamante' (rice)
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Species:
- other: Lemna minor (duckweed)
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Study design
- Test type:
- other: germination, survival, growth
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- other: combination of natural soil or bark and dregs
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 210 d
- Remarks:
- Duckweed: 50 days, Rice: 70 days, Monterey pine: 210 days, Eucalyptus: 180 days
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 16-28 °C, for duckweed 23-25 °C
- pH:
- 8,81 for duckweed cultures, and 8,58 for 1:1 dregs/organic soil substrates composed for seeding of rice.
- Moisture:
- No data
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Pinus radiata
- Duration:
- 210 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: growth
- Remarks:
- The results showed that pine seedlings grown in the presence of dregs were 1.07 times taller than controls.
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 0.1 other: dregs/soil ratio 1:91:9
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Details on results:
- The results showed that pine and eucalyptus seedlings grown in the presence of dregs, ash, and fly-ash were taller than controls, while similar levels of primary sludge, brown stock rejects and especially grits caused inhibition in growth. In rice, ashes and primary sludge promoted plant growth while dregs, fly-ash, and grits strongly inhibited germination or caused early chlorosis. The observed growth inhibition may be attributed to the fact that these substrates had the highest pH values, electrical conductivity and Na content. For duckweed, in spite of the initially high pH (>8,5), the highest number of fronds and fresh weight were found in the presence of fly-ash and primary sludge. Ash, brown stock rejects, and especially grits strongly inhibited growth, causing chlorosis and early death. The results for substrates containing dregs are presented in table I-IV.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The standard error for height and weight was calculated for each species.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table I. Growth responses of Monterey pine,(Pinus radiata) developing in a substrate consisting of a mixture of dregs and sandy soil
Dregs:soil ratio (v/v) | Germination (%)a | Plant height (cm) (st. error)b |
0:10 | 96,9 | 18,4 (0,65) |
1:9 | 96,9 | 19,8 (0,65) |
2:8 | 81,3 | 21,3 (0,70) |
3:7 | 81,3 | 21,8 (0,67) |
agermination results after 80 days
bplant growth results after 210 days
Table II. Growth responses of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus)developing in a substrate consisting of a mixture of dregs and bark.
Dregs:bark ratio (v/v) | Survival (%)a | Plant height (cm)a |
1:9 | 33,3 | 8,1 |
2,5:7,5 | 30,8 | 13,2 |
5:5 | 1,3 | 1,0 |
aresults after 180 days
Table III. Growth responses of rice (Oryza sativa) developing in a substrate consisting of a mixture of dregs and organic soil.
Dregs:soil ratio (v/v) | Germination (%)a | Plant height (cm)a |
1:1 | < 5,0 chlorosis | 8,0 |
aresults after 70 days
Table IV. Growth responses of duckweed (Lemna minor) developing in a substrate consisting of a mixture of dregs and Hoagland’s medium. Substrate pH 8,81
Dregs:HM (v/v) | Fronds/flask (st.error)a | Fresh weight (mg) (st.error)a |
2,5:7,5 | 284,5 (19,2) | 399 (32,7) |
aresults after 50 days
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- It was concluded for pine and eucalyptus, that no negative effects should be expected from the application of some of the studied residues in low amounts, but that these waste products should not be included in a spreading programme at present without a closer examination and after long-term site experiments.
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