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EC number: 233-279-4 | CAS number: 10102-90-6
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
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- read-across source
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- Key result
- Remarks on result:
- other: The "species mean" NOEC value range from 43 µg/L Cu for Pseudokirchernella subcapitata (endpoint growth) to 138 µg/L Cu for Chlorella vulgaris (endpoint growth).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- High quality single-species EC50 values and NOEC/(L(E) C10 values are available for 3 freshwater algae species. A chronic Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) was developed for P. subcapitata and validated for 3 additional species. The NOECs and the chronic algae BLM are carried forward to the risk characterisation. High quality chronic single-species NOEC/(L(E) C10 values are available for four marine algae species. The observed variability is related to the organic carbon content of the test waters. The NOECs and organic carbon relationships are carried forward to the risk characterisation.
Reference
Description of key information
High quality single-species EC50 values and NOEC/(L(E) C10 values are available for 3 freshwater algae species. A chronic Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) was developed for P. subcapitata and validated for 3 additional species. The NOECs and the chronic algae BLM are carried forward to the risk characterisation. High quality chronic single-species NOEC/(L(E) C10 values are available for four marine algae species. The observed variability is related to the organic carbon content of the test waters. The NOECs and organic carbon relationships are carried forward to the risk characterisation.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Data are available on a number of substances containing inorganic copper and read-across is justified on the basis that for the purposes of assessing the ecotoxicology of Copper (II) pyrophosphate (copper(2+) diphosphate) the chemical species of interest is copper. As such studies referring to soluble copper ions from any source are considered to be directly relevant to Copper (II) pyrophosphate. Copper (II) pyrophosphate is considered to contribute to copper toxicity in the environment and as such the data assessment and risk assessment focusses on the copper ion as the phosphate ion is not considered to be toxic.
NOECs for freshwater algae:
High quality chronic NOEC/(L(E) C10 values are available for 3 species: Chlamydomonas reinhardti, Chlorella vulgaris and Pseudokirchernella subcapitata.
The NOECs were used to calculate high quality “species geometric mean” NOEC values for each endpoint and the most sensitive endpoint for each of the algae species was retained as "species-mean" NOEC. The "species mean" NOEC value range from 43 µg/L Cu for Pseudokirchernella subcapitata (endpoint growth; n=4) to 138 µg/L Cu for Chlorella vulgaris (endpoint growth; n=17). These values are used for the PNEC derivation.
Large intra-species variabilities are observed. The effects data-set from Pseudokirchernella subcapitata was used for the development of an algae BLM (DeSchamphelaere et al, 2003). The capacity of the BLM for predicting copper toxicity to other algae species was demonstrated from copper toxicity studies with Chlamydomonas reinhardti and Chlorella vulgaris (DeSchamplelaere and Janssen, 2006).
Research related to copper acclimation and deficiency (Bossuyt et al, 2004) demonstrated that, based on the algal biomass, the growth rate, the pigment diversity and the autotrophic index, an optimal concentration range was observed between 1 and 35 µg Cu/L. Deficiency was observed at lower levels, toxicity was observed at higher levels.
NOECs for marine algae:
High quality chronic NOEC values are available for 4 species: 2 diatoms (Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Skeletonema costatum) and 2 macroalgae (Macrocystis pyrifera and Fucus vesiculosis). Individual NOEC values range between 2.9 µg Cu/L (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, growth) to 50 µg Cu/L (Macrocystis Pyrifera, germination).
High quality “species mean” NOEC values are derived for the most sensitive endpoint for each of the 4 species of marine algae. The "species mean" NOEC value range from 2.9 µg/L Cu for the Phaeodactylum tricornutum to 11 µg/L for Fucus vesiculosis.
Large intra-species variability are observed due differences in DOC. A relation between the observed NOEC and organic carbon content was established for Fucus vesuculosis.
Additional information:
A voluntary risk assessment report of copper and copper compounds has been submitted to the European Chemicals Agency by the European Copper Institute (June 2008). This report is based on the industry initiative to perform a voluntary risk assessment on a substance according to the mechanisms of the implementation of the Existing Substance Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 (ESR). The procedure was agreed by the 11thJoint Meeting of the Competent Authorities for the Implementation of Directive 67/548/EEC and ESR Regulation. Italy has been acting as a reviewing Member State for the substance and the risk assessment report has been reviewed by the Technical Committee on New and Existing Substances (TC NES) according to standard operational procedures of the Committee.
In accordance with the above mentioned European copper risk assessment, the environmental hazard assessment is based on tests carried out with soluble copper species. Studies reporting quantitative dose responses of Cu(II) ions, delivered from soluble copper compounds to aquatic organisms are used for this assessment.
The data presented are considered to be adequate and reliable for the purpose of defining an appropriate classification for the ecotoxicity of Copper (II) pyrophosphate in accordance with Regulation (EC) No.1272/2008 (EU CLP).
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