Reaction mass of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Few data on test item; no reference substance tested; use of plastic capped vessels (substance loss?)

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 850.1010 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

No data

Vehicle:

not specified

Details on test solutions:

No data

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: no data
- Source: EG&G, Bionomics laboratory
- Age at study initiation: < 24 hrs old

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

173 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

21° - 23°C

pH:

7.4 - 9.4

Dissolved oxygen:

6.5 - 9.1 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: plastic, 150 ml in 25
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5 (test solution preparation and addition of daphnids not clearly reported)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): no data
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): no data (not reported, if a vehicle was used)


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: no data
- Total organic carbon: no data
- Particulate matter: no data
- Metals: no data
- Pesticides: no data
- Chlorine: no data
- Alkalinity: no data
- Ca/mg ratio: no data
- Conductivity: no data



OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no data
- Photoperiod: no light/dark cycle
- Light intensity: no data


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : mortality


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: no data
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: no data (5 to 8 nominal concentrations were tested, depending on the chemical)

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

35 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

not specified

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 25-47

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

35 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

not specified

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 25-47

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

7.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

No data

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No reference substance tested

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Carbon tetrachloride LC50-48h to Daphnia magna sets at 35 mg/L based on nominal concentrations

Executive summary:

The acute toxicity of CTC to the crustacean Daphnia magna was performed based on protocols "Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians", EPA-660/3 -75 -009 (1975). Daphnids (<= 24 hrs old) were exposed to 5 to 8 nominal concentrations, and the observations were made at 24 and 48 hrs of exposure, with test completion at 48 hrs.

Hardness, dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, and pH were measured at the initiation of the test and at the end of the exposure time.

Negative control, consisting of the same dilution water, test conditions, and test organisms, was maintained concurrently with each test.

The LC50 was calculated for 24 hrs and 48 hrs. At both observation times, the LC50 was 35 mg/L.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because a long-term aquatic toxicity study on invertebrates is available

Description of key information

The study does not need to be conducted because long-term aquatic studies exist for each constituents.

However, to validate and support long term fish value of carbone tetrachloride (Roderer,1990), all aquatic hazard values of CTC have been compared (see section 6.1.2):

Toxicity of CTC to Daphnia magna following OECD 202 (LeBlanc, 1980):

LC50 (48h)=35 mg/L

Additional information

The study does not need to be conducted because long-term  aquatic studies exist for each constituent.

Nevertheless, the short term toxicity to invertebrates has been studied on the main constituent of Flux1: carbon tetrachloride or CTC.

The acute toxicity of CTC to the crustacean Daphnia magna was performed based on protocols "Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians", EPA-660/3 -75 -009 (1975) by Leblanc (1980). Daphnids (<= 24 hrs old) were exposed to 5 to 8 nominal concentrations, and the observations were made at 24 and 48 hrs of exposure, with test completion at 48 hrs. Hardness, dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, and pH were measured at the initiation of the test and at the end of the exposure time.

Negative control, consisting of the same dilution water, test conditions, and test organisms, was maintained concurrently with each test.

The LC50 was calculated for 24 hrs and 48 hrs. At both observation times, the LC50 was 35 mg/L.

Regarding the two other constituents of Flux1, Leblanc (1980) studied also toxicity of chloroform on daphnia with an LC50(48h) of 29 mg/l. This hazard value is in the same range as the one on carbone tetrachloride (Leblanc, 1980). 1,2 -Dichloroethane is less toxic with an EC50 (48h) of 155 mg/L (Call et al. 1983).

LeBlanc GA. 1980. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to water flea (Daphnia magna). Bulletins of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 24, 684-691

Call, J. D., Brooke, L.T., Ahmad, N. and Richter,  J.E. 1983. Toxicity and metabolism studies with EPA priority pollutants and related chemicals in freshwater organisms. EPA-600/3-83-095. Environmental Rearch Laboratory, Duluth, USA.