Registration Dossier
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EC number: 202-016-5 | CAS number: 90-80-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Carcinogenicity
Administrative data
Description of key information
In accordance with section 1 of REACH (REGULATION (EC) No 1907/2006) Annex XI, the in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells (required in section 8.4.3) does not need to be conducted as there is sufficient weight of evidence from several independent sources of information leading to the conclusion that the substance is not carcinogenic.
Gluconate is an oxidative metabolite of glucose best known to occur in microorganisms, but also occurring in mammals (Rezzi et al., 2009). Glucose is oxidized to gluconate by glucose 1-dehydrogenase, which occurs in mammalian tissues (Harrison, 1931, 1932). Gluconate enters the pentose phosphate pathway via conversion to 6-phosphogluconate, a metabolic route of glucose catabolism. The formation of 6-phosphogluconate from exogenous gluconate has been demonstrated in mammals, demonstrating mammalian enzymatic capabilities for metabolizing gluconate (Stetten and Topper, 1953; Leder, 1957; Hakim and Moss, 1971; Casazza and Veech, 1986). Gluconokinase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the phosphorylation of gluconate to 6-phosphogluconate and has been identified in mammalian tissues, such as the brain and kidneys ( Hakim and Moss, 1972). Thus, gluconate occurs endogenously from the oxidative metabolism of glucose and is utilized in a well-known biochemical pathway (the pentose phosphate pathway) of glucose catabolsim via the action of gluconokinase. Considering that gluconate is an endogenously occurring compound that is utilized by the body in a normal physiological process, studies addressing the mutagenicity/genotoxicity of gluconate are not deemed necessary as it is expected that the compound is not carcinogenic.
Reference List:
Casazza JP, Veech RL (1986). The Interdependence of Glycolytic and Pentose Cycle Intermediates in ad Libitum Fed Rats. J Biol Chem 261(2):690-698.
Gumaa KA, Greenslade KR, McLean P (1968). Enzymes and intermediates of the pentose phosphate pathway in liver hepatomas. Biochim Biophys Acta 15...
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
The substance does not meet the criteria for classification and labelling for this endpoint, as set out in Regulation (EC) NO. 1272/2008.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

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