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EC number: 231-208-1 | CAS number: 7446-70-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: basic information given
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Absorption and Disposition of Aluminium in the Rat.
- Author:
- Gupta, S.K., Waters, D.H., Gwil, P.R.
- Year:
- 1 986
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Pharmaceutical Sciences 75, 5, 586 - 589
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- toxicokinetics
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Kinetic analyses of aluminium in the rat following intravenous and oral doses of aluminium chloride.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium chloride
- EC Number:
- 231-208-1
- EC Name:
- Aluminium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 7446-70-0
- Molecular formula:
- AlCl3
- IUPAC Name:
- trichloroalumane
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- The rats (weighing 250 - 350 g) were exposed to a 12-h light: 12-h dark cycle and were housed three per cage. The average aluminium content of food and water was determined to be 0.1 mg/E; and 3 μg/10 mL, respectively. A chronic indwelling catheter was placed in the right jugular vein under light ether anesthesia. Animals were allowed to recover at least 4 8 h following surgery.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: i.v. and oral
- Details on exposure:
- Six rats received intravenous doses of aluminium chloride, and then oral doses following a two-week washout period.
The dose equivalent to 8.1 mg/kg elemental aluminium was prepared by dissolving 1.45 g of AlCl3 x 6H20, which is equivalent to 162.0 mg of elemental aluminium, in enough saline to give 10 mL of solution. Following light ether anesthesia, 0.5 mL/kg of the aluminium chloride solution was infused into the dorsal tail vein at a rate of 1 mI/min. Following an overnight fast, the oral dose of aluminium chloride was administered by intubation. Six additional rats were given an identical intravenous dose. Urine and feces were collected for 4 d following dose administration and blood was sampled for 10 h.
Sample Collection: Treated rats were placed in plastic metabolism cages and blood samples (0.1 mL) were drawn at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 min and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 h following intravenous administration, and at 0, 15, and 30 min and 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6, 8, and 10 h following oral administration. Urine and feces were collected for 4 d and refrigerated until time of assay.
Blood samples were collected in heparinized glass scintillation vials, which had been sequentially acid-washed, and rinsed with a Na2-EDTA solution and deionized distilled water. The vials containing blood samples were refrigerated until the time of assay.
Analytical Procedure: All aluminium standards were prepared by dissolving 8.95 mg AlCl3 x 6H20 in water to make 1 L of solution and using this stock solution to produce final aluminium concentrations of 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0 .06, 0.08 , and 0.1 μg/mL in samples of 0.1-mL control blood, 0.1-mL control urine, or 0.1-g control feces.
Analyses were performed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer with a hollow cathode lamp as the light source. Measurements were recorded. Both standards and samples were assayed in triplicate.
Base-line correction: On the day prior to each treatment, five 0.1-mL blood samples were drawn periodically from each rat to determine background aluminum concentrations. These values were used for the base-line correction. The base-line correction for aluminum in urine and feces was made in a similar manner. Urine and fecal matter for each rat was collected over a 24-h period prior to aluminum chloride administration. The average aluminum concentration in the urine and feces was calculated from the pooled 24-h samples. This value was then subtracted from the concentration of aluminum in each urine and fecal sample obtained following aluminum chloride administration .
Blood and Plasma Protein Binding Studie: A small volume of a concentrated aluminium chloride solution was added to 6 mL of heparinized whole rat blood to produce blood concentrations of 110, 220, and 440 ug/mL, which were equivalent to aluminium concentrations in the blood immediately following intravenous bolus administration. The cells were assayed for aluminium, and protein binding studies were performed on plasma, using ultrafiltration.
Kinetic Analysis: Individual blood aluminium concentration-time data were analyzed using both compartmental and noncompartmental methods. For the compartmental analysis, initial estimates of the parameters and compartmental configuration were evaluated.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Intravenous bolus and oral doses of 8.1 mg/kg of aluminium as the chloride salt.
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- 6
Results and discussion
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
Toxicokinetic parameters
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- other: Aluminium did not significantly penetrate the cellular components of blood.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- It was found that aluminium did not significantly penetrate the cellular components of blood. Plasma protein binding was determined to be about 98%. Sixty percent of the intravenous dose was excreted in the urine and the remaining 40% was excreted in the faeces.
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