Styrene

Dermal absorption

Administrative data

Endpoint:

dermal absorption in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Acceptable, well-documented publication meeting basic scientific principles.

Cross-reference

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Human exposure to styrene. IV Percutaneous absorption in human volunteers.

Author:

Berode, M. et al.

Year:

1985

Bibliographic source:

Int Arch Occup Environ Health 55: 331-336

Reference 2

Reference Type:

review article or handbook

Title:

European risk assessment report, Styrene CAS No. 100-42-5, EINECS No. 202-851-5, Draft for submission to SCHER, November 2007.

Author:

European Union

Year:

2007

Bibliographic source:

Styrene CAS No. 100-42-5, EINECS No. 202-851-5, Draft for submission to SCHER, November 2007

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline available

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Determination of dermal absorption rate of styrene in humans: Nine male volunteers were exposed for 10 to 30 min by dipping one hand in liquid styrene. Urine and breath samples were analysed for styrene and styrene metabolite contents.

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Styrene

EC Number:

202-851-5

EC Name:

Styrene

Cas Number:

100-42-5

Molecular formula:

C8H8

IUPAC Name:

ethenylbenzene

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): styrene
- Physical state: liquid
- Analytical purity: no data

Radiolabelling:

no

Test animals

Species:

human

Strain:

other: not applicable

Sex:

male

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Age of the nine male volunteers: between 21 and 42
For two of the volunteers, the hand exposure was repeated three times with a time interval of at least one month between each experiment.

Administration / exposure

Type of coverage:

other: full hand dipping

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Duration of exposure:

10-30 min

Doses:

undiluted liquid styrene

No. of animals per group:

9

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

DOSE PREPARATION
- Method for preparation of dose suspensions: undiluted liquid styrene

APPLICATION OF DOSE:
full hand dipping

VEHICLE
none

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 400 - 740 cm2

SAMPLE COLLECTION
- Collection of urine: during exposure and up to 24 h thereafter
- Collection of expired air: during exposure and up to 1h thereafter

ANALYSIS
- Method type(s) for identification: GC

Results and discussion

Signs and symptoms of toxicity:

no effects

Remarks:

no effects of toxicity mentioned in the report

Dermal irritation:

no effects

Remarks:

no skin irritation mentioned in the report

Absorption in different matrices:

The mean rate of absorption was 60 µg / cm2 / h

Any other information on results incl. tables

Unfortunately, the protocol used does not facilitate the calculation of the percentage of the dose absorbed.

Table1: Exposure conditions and cumulative results

Volunteer No.	Duration (min)	Exposed area (cm2)	Cumulated metabolites (µmol)		2-h pulmonary excretion (µmol)	Total excreted (µmol)
			MA	PGA
1	15	700	96.7	52.7	5.1	154.5
2	15	500	82.2	31.3	4.0	117.3
3	15	500	64.4	44.7	3.3	112.4
4*	10	445	29.6	43.3	-	77.1
4	15	535	40.8	26.7	2.2	69.7
4	15	500	34.0	88.7	5.8	128.5
5*	15	400	53.3	42.7	-	100.2
5	15	590	60.5	68.7	4.1	133.3
5	15	500	48.0	98.7	4.9	151.6
6	15	445	23.0	12.0	1.8	36.8
7	15	740	28.9	72.7	2.7	104.3
8	30	570	50.6	108.0	6.9	165.5
9	30	510	40.8	92.7	5.4	138.9

* Total amount calculated with the mean of the 2 hours pulmonary excretion: 4.2 µmol