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EC number: 233-162-8 | CAS number: 10049-04-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Data waiving:
- exposure considerations
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Justification for type of information:
- JUSTIFICATION FOR DATA WAIVING:
According to the TNsG on Data Requirements for Active Substances and Biocidal Products, and REACH Guidance, a study on the reproduction and growth rate of fish may be required. Although chlorine dioxide is very acutely toxic to fish, its short half-life in the environment following use and the fact that there is no direct release of the active substance to aquatic systems, means that there is no concern for the aquatic compartment. Chlorine dioxide degrades rapidly to chlorite and chlorate ions. CHLORITE As chlorite may be expected to be discharged from cooling towers and slimicide uses, a chronic fish test on chlorite may be considered important to determine the long term effects on these animals. However, acute tests on fish, invertebrates and algae, have shown that fish are the least sensitive species to chlorite with LC50s more than a factor of 10 higher than the EC50s for algae or daphnids. According to the TGD, if invertebrates and algae are considerably more sensitive than fish in acute studies, taking into account the principals of animal welfare, chronic studies on fish are not considered necessary. CHLORATE A long-term study on fish already exists for this substance.
Reference
Description of key information
Chlorine dioxide is highly toxic for acute toxicity to fish , its extremely short half-life in the environment following use and the fact that there is no direct release of the active substance to aquatic systems, means that there is no concern for the aquatic compartment. Chlorine dioxide in aqueous solution reacts rapidly, abiotically with organic matter and oxidisable metals, generating chlorite, chlorate and ultimately chloride as dominant species. Under the conditions of use, no chlorine dioxide is expected to be found in the environment (see justification for non-submission), however the principal decomposition products, chlorite, chlorate and chloride will be. Therefore, key studies concerning these substances (except chloride) have been included in this section where appropriate, such that their toxicity and ultimately risk can be characterised in the CSR.
Based on the data available, the LC50 of chlorite for fish is more than 10 times higher than that of daphnia or algae. Therefore, according to the decision table, a long term fish study on chlorite is not required as part of the long term dataset in order to obtain an assessment factor of 10 for chronic data. A long term study on fish for chlorate found no effects at 500 mg/L (as sodium chlorate).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
While chlorine dioxide presence is not relevant in aquatic compartment (see JNS), presence of transformation products (chlorite and/or chlorate) needs to be assessed.
For chlorite, due to LC50 values far greater than 10 times higher for fish compared to other aquatic organisms, and in order to reduce studies on vertebrate animals, no long term study on fish has been carried out.
One long-term toxicity study on chlorate was found for fresh water fish (Thomas et al. 2004). The purpose of this study was to assess the toxicity of the test substance dissolved in fresh water, on the early life stages of Danio rerio, in a GLP 36-day flow-through test complying with the OECD Guideline No. 210,17 July 1992. The test criterion of toxicity used was the effects on hatching, larvae mortality, morphological abnormalities and growth of Danio rerio exposed to the test substance over the test period.
However, as all embryos hatched at the highest concentration tested of 500 mg/l as well as in the control and post-hatch mortality was less than that of the control, a statistical test was not used for this parameter and the NOEC was considered to be at or greater than the highest concentration tested. No teratogenic malformations were noted for any larvae at any concentration.
Based on results from weight and length, the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) cannot be calculated and the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) was determined as greater than or equal to the highest concentration tested, 500 mg/L.
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