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EC number: 233-162-8 | CAS number: 10049-04-4
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Study not performed according to a guideline and not GLP. No details concerning material and method and few details on results are available. Animals were only exposed 4 hours/d. No data on actual concentration in air. Clinical chemistry, haemathology, ophthalmoscopic examination, neurobehaviour and food and water analyses were not performed. Statistical analysis is not reported.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Chlorine dioxide - Toxicity in animal experiments and industrial risks.
- Author:
- Dalhamn, T
- Year:
- 1 957
- Bibliographic source:
- A.M.A. Archives of Industrial Health. 15: 101-107
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Ten rats were involved; five were controls and five exposed once a day for 4 hours/day for 9 days in a 13-day period to approximately 10 ppm.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Chlorine dioxide
- EC Number:
- 233-162-8
- EC Name:
- Chlorine dioxide
- Cas Number:
- 10049-04-4
- Molecular formula:
- ClO2
- IUPAC Name:
- Chlorine Dioxide
- Details on test material:
- chlorine dioxide gas (purity and batch number not stated)
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- No data
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: gas
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- other: gas
- Remarks on MMAD:
- MMAD / GSD: No data
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- Compressed air and ClO2 gas ( the latter via air bubbled through a solution of ClO2) were mixed in a mixing chamber. After passing through the exposure chamber, ClO2 gas was allowed to escape either through a fume cupboard or through a Peligot tube containing KI solution and via a drying tower through a gas meter (when the mixture was sampled).
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- No data
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 9 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- 4 hours/day for 9 days in a 13-day period
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0 and 10 ppm (0 and 28 mg/m3)
Basis:
nominal conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 rats/dose
- Control animals:
- yes, sham-exposed
- Details on study design:
- No data
- Positive control:
- No
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- Urine was examined for protein, and the weight of the rats was charted.
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- No data
- Other examinations:
- No data
- Statistics:
- No data
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- One rat died after 10 days' exposure, and two died after a further day. The two remaining rats died on the 13th day
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence):
- One rat died after 10 days' exposure, and two died after a further day. The two remaining rats died on the 13th day
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- acute renal and hepatic congestion
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- The exposed rats showed marked distress in the form of rhinorrhea and embarrassed respiration. The number of positive urinary protein tests was not greater in the exposed rats than in the controls. The weight of the exposed rats, however, showed a mean reduction of about 80 gm, while that of the controls was largely unaltered. One rat died after 10 days' exposure, and two died after a further day. The two remaining rats died on the 13th day. The kidneys, liver, and lungs were examined. In all the exposed rats microscopy showed changed resulting from respiratory infection with acute renal and hepatic congestion. Nothing of note was seen in the control rats.
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEC
- Effect level:
- 28 mg/m³ air (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- not specified
- Basis for effect level:
- other: rhinorrhoea and embarrassed respiration
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
No data
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The LOAEC in this study is 28 mg/m3, based on respiratory effects.
- Executive summary:
In a subacute study, rats (5 per group) were exposed to Chlorine Dioxide by gas inhalation at dose level of 0 and 10 ppm (0 and 28 mg/m3), 4 h/d for 9 days in a 13 -day period.
Urine was examined for protein, and the weight of the rats was charted. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrified and kidneys, liver and lungs were examined at necropsy.
The exposed rats showed marked distress in the form of rhinorrhea and embarrassed respiration.
The number of positive urinary protein tests was not greater in the exposed rats than in the controls.
The weight of the exposed rats, however, showed a mean reduction of about 80 mg, while that of the controls was largely unaltered.
One rat died after 10 days' exposure, and two died after a further day. The two remaining rats died on the 13th day.
The kidneys, liver, and lungs were examined. In all the exposed rats microscopy showed changed resulting from respiratory infection with acute renal and hepatic congestion.
The LOAEC in this study is 28 mg/m3, based on respiratory effects.
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