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EC number: 200-893-9 | CAS number: 75-71-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not specified
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study report, not conducted to GLP but well documented with methodology and results included.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 973
- Report Date:
- 1973
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- See "details on exposure" and "details on test animals and environmental conditions" below.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
Reference
- Name:
- Unnamed
- Type:
- Constituent
- Test material form:
- gas under pressure: liquefied gas
- Details on test material:
- The test material was supplied by the Freon Product Laboratory of the Organic chemicals Department as two solutions in corn oil; one solution contained 0.2% CFC-12 and was given Haskell No. 6966; the other solution contained 2.0% Freon 12 and was given Haskell No. 6967.
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Charles River-CD
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- Seventy-eight pregnant (primigravida) albino rats (Charles River-CD) were received from Charles Rivers Breeding Laboratories in two shipments one day apart. From the time of arrival at Haskell Laboratory through the fifth day of gestation, the animals were housed inn suspended stainless steel wire cages, assigned to three groups, and fed ground Purina Laboratory Chow (GPLC) supplemented with 1% corn oil (CO).
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- corn oil
- Details on exposure:
- On day six of the gestation period, all rats in all groups were given the following diet: 74.25% GPLC + 0.25% CO + 25% Casein + 0.5% vitamin mix. One group, the control, was given 2.0ml of corn oil each day by intragastric intubation for 10 consecutive days; the other two groups were given 2.0ml of Haskell No. 6966 (0.2% solution of Freon 12 in corn oil) or Haskell No. 6967 (2.0% solution of Freon 12 in corn oil), respectively, for the same period of time, i.e., through day 15 of gestation. From day 16 of the gestation period to the time of sacrifice, the control and test rats received their initial basal diet (GPLC + 1% CO).
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Not specified
- Details on mating procedure:
- Not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 10 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
- Duration of test:
- To day 21 of gestation period.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 16.6 & 170.9 mg/kg/day
Basis:
actual ingested
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 78 rats in total.
Group I (0) - 25
Group II (16.6) - 26
Group III (170.9) - 27 - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- The animals were sacrificed by chloroform inhalation on the twenty-first day of gestation. Pregnancy was dated by counting as day one the morning on which a copulation plug was found. An incision was made in the abdominal wall and both ovaries and uterine horns were promptly removed, inspected and weighed. The uterus was carefully opened and the foetuses removed. The following observations and measurements were made:
1. Number and location of live foetuses, dead foetuses, and resorption sites in the respective uterine horns.
2. Body weight and crown-rump length of all live foetuses.
3. External examination of all foetuses, from head to tail, under Macro Scope (Ednakite 2½ x) for gross abnormalities.
About two-thirds of the foetuses from each litter were preserved in 95% alcohol for subsequent maceration in 1% aqueous KOH, clearing and staining with Alizarin Red S, and examination to detect skeletal abnormalities. The remaining foetuses were fixed in Bouin’s fluid for free-hand razor-blade sectioning (Wilson Method) and examination for visceral and neural anomalies under the dissecting microscope.
Examinations
- Maternal examinations:
- Not specified
- Ovaries and uterine content:
- An incision was made in the abdominal wall and both ovaries and uterine horns were promptly removed, inspected and weighed. The uterus was carefully opened and the foetuses removed.
- Fetal examinations:
- Number and location of live foetuses, dead foetuses, and resorption sites in the respective uterine horns. Body weight and crown-rump length of all live foetuses. External examination of all foetuses, from head to tail, under Macro Scope (Ednakite 2½ x) for gross abnormalities.
- Statistics:
- Not specified
- Indices:
- Not specified
- Historical control data:
- The data was also compared with the standard values established for Charles River-CD (ChR-CD) rats.
Results and discussion
Results: maternal animals
Maternal developmental toxicity
- Details on maternal toxic effects:
- Maternal toxic effects:no effects
Details on maternal toxic effects:
Body Weight: The oral administration of Freon 12 to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis had no adverse effect on body weight gain
Food Consumption: There were no meaningful differences among the control and test groups of rats with respect to food intake during any of the time periods measured.
Results (fetuses)
- Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
- Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:no effects
Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
Pregnancy Outcome and Fetal Development: The uteri of all females in all groups were free from gross abnormalities. There was no difference in the numbers of implantation sites, viable foetuses and resorption sites per female between the control group and those given Freon 12. Likewise, there was no significant difference in mean weight and length of foetuses. The smaller weight and length in the control group were due to sacrifice of several females on day earlier (20 days). The data was also compared with the standard values established for Charles River-CD (ChR-CD) rats and were found to be in good agreement.
Malformations and Anomalies: No major gross, skeletal or soft tissue abnormalities were detected. Maternal feeding of Freon 12 did not influence the fetal development. The incidence and type of other minor anomalies were compared with those of the control group and with the standard values for ChR-CD rats. They were found to be similar.
Effect levels (fetuses)
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- > 170 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect level:
- other: teratogenicity
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- > 170 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect level:
- other: embryotoxicity
Fetal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
Overall developmental toxicity
- Developmental effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
TABLE I – AVERAGE BODY WEIGHTS OF PREGNANT RATS RECEIVING FREON 12 DURING ORGANOGENESIS
Group Characteristics | No. of Pregnant Rats No. of Rats Received | Average Body Weight in Grams on Day of Gestation Period | ||
6 | 16 | 21 | ||
2 ml corn oil (control) | 22/25 | 199 | 269 | 337 |
2 ml corn oil containing 0.2% Freon 12 (test) | 20/26 | 203 | 278 | 345 |
2 ml corn oil containing 2.0% Freon 12 (test) | 25/27 | 196 | 271 | 346 |
TABLE II – AVERAGE FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA OF PREGNANT RATS RECEIVING FREON 12 DURING ORGANOGENESIS
Group Characteristics | No. of Pregnant Rats No. of Rats Received | Average Daily Food Consumption (g/rat/day) | ||
Control Diet Prior to Day 6 | Diet During Dosing Day 6-16 | Control Diet Days 16-21 | ||
2 ml corn oil (control) | 22/25 | 17.1 | 17.0 | 21.0 |
2 ml corn oil containing 0.2% Freon 12 (test) | 20/26 | 18.7 | 19.3 | 22.7 |
2 ml corn oil containing 2.0% Freon 12 (test) | 25/27 | 17.4 | 17.8 | 23.1 |
TABLE III – AVERAGE DOSE OF FREON 12 RECEIVED BY PREGNANT RATS DURING ORGANOGENESIS
Group Characteristics | Average Body Weight In Grams During Day 6-16 | Average Dose of Freon 12 (mg/kg/day) |
2 ml corn oil (control) | 234 | - |
2 ml corn oil containing 0.2% Freon 12 (test) | 241 | 16.6 |
2 ml corn oil containing 2.0% Freon 12 (test) | 234 | 170.9 |
TABLE IV – EFFECT OF ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF FREON 12 TO PREGNANT RATS IN THE OUTCOME OF PREGNANCY AND ON VARIOUS PARAMETERS OF FETAL DEVLEOPMENT
| Groups (mg/kg/day of Freon 12) | Standard Values (Range) for Charles River (CD) Rats (1) | ||
Group I (0) | Group II (16.6) | Group III (170.9) | ||
Number Females Pregnant | 22/25 (88.0%) | 20/26 (76.9%) | 25/27 (92.6%) | 90% (62-100) |
Number Implantation Sites | 201 | 186 | 236 |
|
Number Implantation Sites / Pregnant Female | 9.13 | 9.30 | 9.44 | 10.9 (8.6-14.1) |
Number Live Fetuses | 197 | 179 | 231 |
|
Number Dead Fetuses | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|
Number of Live Fetuses/Litter | 8.95 | 8.95 | 9.24 | 10.2 (8.2-12.7) |
Number Females Showing Complete Resorption | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3% (0-5.9) |
Number Females Showing Premature Birth | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1% (0-5.9) |
Number Females Showing Partial Resorption (Excluding Complete Resorptions) | 4 (18.2%) | 4 (20.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 40.6% (10.5-77.8) |
Total Number Resorbed | 4 (2.0%) | 7 (3.8%) | 5 (2.1%) | 6.0% (1.2-12.4) |
Mean Fetus Weight (g) | 3.35 | 4.19 | 3.93 | 3.69 (2.90-4.22) |
Mean Fetus Crown-Rump Length (cm) | 2.98 | 3.52 | 3.36 |
|
(1) Personal communication; unpublished data obtained from Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Wilmington, Massachusetts for period 1964 -1969.
TABLE V – GROSS EXTERNAL, SKELETAL AND SOFT TISSUE ABNORMALITIES FOUND IN FETUSES FROM MOTHERS ADMINISTERED FREON 12 DURING FETAL DEVELOPMENT
Abnormalities Found | Groups (mg/kg/day of Freon 12) | Standard Values (Range) of Abnormalities for ChR-CD Rats (1) | ||
Group I (0) | Group II (16.6) | Group III (170.9) | ||
1. Gross External | ||||
Number Fetuses Examined | 197 | 179 | 231 | 32915 |
a. Small, stunted | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (1.73%) | 0.3% (0-3.5) |
2. Skeletal | ||||
Number Fetuses Examined | 12 | 117 | 154 | 7127 |
a. Xiphisternum and one or more sternebrae unoissified | 10 (7.7%) | 10 (8.5%) | 17 (11.0%) | 11% (5-30) |
b. With 14 rib(s) | 15 (11.7%) | 9 (7.6%) | 12 (7.8%) | 21% (6.36) |
c. Vertebral bipartite centra | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 2% (0-4) |
3. Soft Tissue (Visceral and Neural) | ||||
Number Fetuses Examined | 68 | * | 77 |
|
a. Found normal | 68 | - | 77 |
|
(1) Personal communication; unpublished data obtained from Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Wilmington, Massachusetts for period 1964 -1969.
* Not examined.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Maternal feeding of CFC-12 was not embryotoxic under the conditions of this experiment.CFC-12 was not teratogenic.
- Executive summary:
The present study was undertaken, as part of a comprehensive toxicological program, to evaluate the embryotoxic and teratogenic potential, if any, of CFC-12 when it was administered by intragastric intubation to pregnant rats during the period of fetal organogenesis.
Gastric intubation of dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) to pregnant rats from day six through day fifteen of their gestation period, at average dose levels of 16.6 and 170.9 mg/kg/day, had no effect on the food intake and the gain in body weight of the mothers.
No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in any of the treated animals. The outcome of pregnancy, measured by the number of implantation sites, resorptions and live foetuses per litter, was not adversely affected by the treatment. The treatment did not affect the embryonal development as measured by weight and crown-rump length of the foetuses. The absence of any major external, skeletal, and soft tissue abnormalities in live foetuses and a similar incidence of spontaneous minor anomalies in the control and treated groups indicate that oral administration for CFC-12 was not teratogenic.
CONCLUSIONS
The absence of any effect on the number of implantation sites, resorptions, live foetuses per litter and mean weight and crown-rump length of the foetuses indicate that maternal feeding of CFC-12 was not embryotoxic under the conditions of this experiment.
Likewise, the absence of any major abnormalities in live foetuses and a similar incidence of spontaneous minor anomalies in the control and treated groups indicate that CFC-12 was not teratogenic.
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