2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-4'-morpholinobutyrophenone

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test)

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

For each treatment the respective amount of test item was weighed and homogenised in 120 g quartz sand (1% of treatment soil dry mass). Then it was mixed into 12.0 kg soil dry mass to achieve five different test concentrations in a geometric series, ranging from 10.0 mg test item/kg soil dry mass to 1000.0 mg test item/kg soil dry mass.
For the control only untreated quartz sand was mixed into the soil. Thereafter the soil was distributed to the plant pots and seeds were sown. Care was taken to work under artificial light as the test item was known to be photolabile.

Species:

Allium cepa

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: onion
- Source of seed: ENZA ZADEN, Deutschland GmbH, Dannstadt, Germany.

Species:

Avena sativa

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: oat
- Source of seed: Saatenunion, lsernhagen, Germany

Species:

Brassica napus

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: oilseed rape
- Source of seed: LUFA Speyer, Speyer, Germany

Species:

Cucumis sativus

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: cucumber
- Source of seed: ENZA ZADEN, Deutschland GmbH, Dannstadt, Germany.

Species:

Lycopersicon esculentum

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: tomato
- Source of seed: ENZA ZADEN, Deutschland GmbH, Dannstadt, Germany.

Species:

Pisum sativum

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: pea
- Source of seed: Juliwa-Enza GmbH + CO KG, Heidelberg, Germany

Test type:

seedling emergence toxicity test

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

natural soil

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

16 d

Remarks:

after 50% emergence of the control plants

Test temperature:

21 - 24 °C

pH:

6.4 ± 0.6

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (type, material, size): polypropylene pot 12 x 12 x 12 cm
- Amount of soil: 834 g fw
- No. of seeds per container: 6
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4 (A. cepa and A. sativa), 5 (B. napus, L. lycopersicum, P. sativum), 10 (C. sativus) as described in Table 2.
- No. of replicates per control: 4


SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE
- Geographic location: Offenbach, Germany
- Pesticide use history at the collection site: pumpkin field, no pesticides used for two years before sampling
- Soil texture (if natural soil): sandy loam
- Soil taxonomic classification: LUFA standard soil SP2.3
- Composition (if artificial substrate): sandy loam soil
- Organic carbon (%): 0.98 ± 0.05
- Maximum water holding capacity (in % dry weigth): 34.4 ± 2.0
- Pretreatment of soil: sieving < 2mm


GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16:8 h day-night regime
- Light source: high pressure metal halide lamps
- Light intensity and quality: 142 µE /m²sec - 211µE /m²sec


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
Seedling emergence, mortality, chlorosis, shoot length, shoot fresh weight

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal test substance concentrations:
control, 10.0, 31.6, 100.0, 316.2, 1000

Species:

Allium cepa

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Species:

Allium cepa

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality

Species:

Allium cepa

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: shoot length

Species:

Allium cepa

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: shoot fresh weight

Species:

Avena sativa

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Species:

Avena sativa

Duration:

15 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality

Species:

Avena sativa

Duration:

15 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: shoot length

Species:

Avena sativa

Duration:

15 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: shoot fresh weight

Species:

Brassica napus

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Species:

Brassica napus

Duration:

15 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality

Species:

Brassica napus

Duration:

15 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: shoot length

Species:

Brassica napus

Duration:

15 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: shoot fresh weight

Species:

Cucumis sativus

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Species:

Cucumis sativus

Duration:

16 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality

Species:

Cucumis sativus

Duration:

16 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

316.2 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: shoot length

Species:

Cucumis sativus

Duration:

16 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: shoot fresh weight

Species:

Lycopersicon esculentum

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Species:

Lycopersicon esculentum

Duration:

15 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality

Species:

Lycopersicon esculentum

Duration:

15 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: shoot length

Species:

Lycopersicon esculentum

Duration:

15 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: shoot fresh weight

Species:

Pisum sativum

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Species:

Pisum sativum

Duration:

15 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality

Species:

Pisum sativum

Duration:

15 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: shoot length

Species:

Pisum sativum

Duration:

15 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: shoot fresh weight

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

An average reduction of the seedling shoot length by 6.2 % of Cucumis sativus (cucumber) at a test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg soil dry weight was the only effect that was observed in the seedling emergence test with the test species A. cepa, A. sativa, B. napus, C. sativus, L. lycopersicum and P. sativum and the endpoints seedling emergence, seedling survival, shoot length or shoot biomass.
Hence, the NOEC appears to be higher than or equal to 1000 mg test item/kg soil dry weight except for shoot length of C. sativus, for which a NOEC of 316.2 mg test item/kg soil dry weight was calculated.

Executive summary:

In this guideline (OECD 208) study conducted with GLP certification, the test material (EC 404-360-3) was determined to be have a NOEC >= 1000 mg test substance per kg soil dry weight for seedling emergence.

Description of key information

Study conducted to recognised training guidelines with GLP

Additional information

A GLP guideline study according to OECD 208 has been conducted (ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH 2009). Following results were observed:

Seedling emergence in all test species was at least 80% in the controls and at least 70.8% in the treatments. Survival of emerged seedlings was at least 95.8% in the controls and in the test item treatments.

All test species developed well with normal variation in growth and morphology. There was no indication for any visible phytotoxicological effect of the test item on any of the six test species at any of the test item concentrations.

Shoot length of the test species A. cepa, A. sativa, B. napus, L. lycopersicum and P. sativum was not affected by the test item at concentrations up to and including 1000 mg/kg soil dry weight. Shoot length of C. sativus was significantly reduced at a test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg soil dry weight. Accordingly the NOEC appears to be higher than or equal 1000 mg/kg soil dry weight for all test species except for C. sativus for which the was NOEC 316.2 mg/kg soil dry weight.

Shoot biomass of the test species A. cepa, A. sativa, B. napus, C. sativus, L. lycopersicum and P. sativum was not affected by the test item at concentrations up to and including 1000 mg/kg soil dry weight. Accordingly the NOEC appears to be higher than or equal 1000 mg/kg soil dry weight for all six test species.

In overall conclusion, an average reduction of the seedling shoot length by 6.2% of Cucumis sativus (cucumber) at a test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg soil dry weight was the only effect that was observed in the seedling emergence test with the test species A. cepa, A. sativa, B. napus, C. sativus, L. lycopersicum and P. sativum and the endpoints seedling emergence, seedling survival, shoot length or shoot biomass.