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EC number: 404-360-3 | CAS number: 119313-12-1 CG 25-369; IRGACURE 369; TK 11-319
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1995-09-26, 1995-11-03
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1981
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 8692 (Water Quality - Fresh Water Algal Growth Inhibition Test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Version / remarks:
- 1989
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guideline 23: Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 200 and 100 mg/L (nominal)
- Sampling method: Filtration of test medium samples (10 mL) taken at the start of the tests, 24, and 72 hours of exposure
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Frozen (-80 °C) - Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green algae
- Strain: CCAP 278/4
- Source (laboratory, culture collection):
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): Exponentially growing algal suspensions
- Method of cultivation: ISO-medium - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 24 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 22.5 - 24 °C
- pH:
- 8.0 - 8.4
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Water-accomodated fractions were prepared with a loading rate of 100 and 200 mg/L. Measured concentrations were at most 2 mg/L. The test substance is rapidly degarded by photolysis.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open / closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass, 100mL
- Aeration:
- Initial cells density: 1 x 10E4 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes (OECD medium, except for the FeCl3-6(H2O) content: 80 µg/L instead of 64 µg/L)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Milli-Q, tap water purified by reverse osmosis and then passed over activated carbon and ion-exchange cartridges
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: Yes
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: Continuous
- Light intensity and quality: 6500 - 8000 lux.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Counting chamber (at the begining of the study); spectrophotometer at 720 nm (thereafter)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Rough filtrates (ca. 5 µm) of supersaturated solutions of 100 and 200 mg/L stirred for ca. 4 days.
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: The substance is insoluble in water (< 0.006 g/L at 20 °C).
- Range finding study: A measured concentration of 4.7 mg/L was found in the sample taken from the filtrate. Instead of testing dilutions containing 0.1 to 100 % of the filtrate, test solutions contained 0.05 to 50 % of the filtrate yielding a test substance concentration range from 0.002 to 2.35 mg/L. No inhibition of algal growth was observed at any of the test concentrations. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: No acute toxic effects within the range of solubilty.
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: No acute toxic effects within the range of solubilty.
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): None
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: None
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: see tables 1 and 2 - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- EC50: 0.98 mg/L (growth inhibition) 1.1 mg/L (growth rate reduction) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- No acute toxic effects within the range of solubilty. The 72 hour EC50 (growth rate) of the test material to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined to be >2 mg/l (above the limit of solubility).
- Executive summary:
In this guideline (OECD 201) study conducted with GLP certification, the 72 hour EC50 of the test material (EC 404-360-3) to algae was determined to be >2 mg/l. The study was conducted as a static, limit test (freshwater), using a Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF), on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. No acute toxicological effects were observed over the duration of the test. The result of the test does not trigger classification of the test material as hazardous to the aquatic environment under the criteria of the EU Classification, Labelling, and Packaging (CLP) regulation (1272/2008).
Reference
Table 1. Concentrations of the test substance in test medium (final study I).
Time of sampling (h) | Concentration | ||
Code | Nominal (mg/L) | Analysed1 (mg/L) | |
0 | Sol.l | 100 | 2.02 |
1002 | 1.88 | ||
Sol.2 | 200 | 1.52 | |
2002 | 1.50 | ||
24 | Sol.l | 100 | 0.15 |
1002 | 0.36 | ||
Sol.2 | 200 | 0.20 | |
2002 | 0.13 | ||
72 | Sol.l | 100 | 0.23 |
1002 | 0.36 | ||
Sol.2 | 200 | 0.18 | |
2002 | 0.21 |
1. Concentration analysed in filtrate
2. Samples without algae
Table 2. Concentrations of the test substance in test medium (final study II).
Time of sampling (h) | Concentration | ||
Code | Nominal (mg/L) | Analysed1 (mg/L) | |
0 | Sol.l | 100 | 0.22 |
1002 | 0.18 | ||
Sol.2 | 200 | 0.98 | |
2002 | 0.83 | ||
24 | Sol.l | 100 | 0.07 |
1002 | 0.10 | ||
Sol.2 | 200 | 0.23 | |
2002 | 0.47 | ||
72 | Sol.l | 100 | 0.07 |
1002 | 0.08 | ||
Sol.2 | 200 | 0.11 | |
2002 | 0.11 |
1. Concentration analysed in filtrate
2. Samples without algae
Table 3. Mean cell densities1
Initial concentration (mg/L) | Mean cell densities during exposure (x104 cells/mL) | ||||
0 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | ||
RF | 0.0 | 1.00 | 3.57 | 16.0 | 61.3 |
2.35 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 19.4 | 63.7 | |
Test I | 0.0 | 1.00 | 4.82 | 22.5 | 59.7 |
2.0 | 1.00 | 5.35 | 17.0 | 30.3 | |
1.5 | 1.00 | 5.57 | 13.5 | 24.7 | |
Test II | 0.0 | 1.00 | 4.21 | 15.9 | 50.2 |
0.2 | 1.00 | 4.85 | 19.4 | 52.3 | |
1.0 | 1.00 | 5.21 | 18.9 | 51.6 |
1. Values are rounded off by the program used for calculations
Table 4. Percentage inhibition of cell growth and percentage reduction of growth rate.
Initial concentration (mg/L) | Cell growth(0-72h): | Growth rate(cells/mL/h1): | |||
Area (A) mean | Inhibition (%) | 0-72h mean (μ1) | Reduction (%) | ||
RF | 0.0 | 1146.46 | 0.05714 | ||
2.35 | 1289.88 | -12.5 | 0.05769 | -1.0 | |
Test I | 0.0 | 1312.50 | 0.05649 | ||
2.0 | 840.83 | 35.9 | 0.04618 | 18.3 | |
1.5 | 693.14 | 47.2 | 0.04429 | 21.6 | |
Test II | 0.0 | 1025.23 | 0.05439 | ||
0.2 | 1150.73 | -12.2 | 0.05495 | -1.0 | |
1.0 | 1137.07 | -10.9 | 0.05475 | -0.7 |
1. µ = (ln Nn - ln N1)/(tn -t1)
Description of key information
Study carried out according to guideline and with GLP compliance.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
One reliable GLP guideline study according to OECD 201 is available (NOTOX 1996). Due to the low solubility of the test item saturated solutions with 100 and 200 mg/L test substance nominal were used. No inhibition of algal growth was observed during a range-finding test at initial exposure concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 2.35 mg/l. In a subsequently performed limit test, significant inhibition of algal growth was recorded in the treated solutions (18-22 %). The initial test concentrations were 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l. There was a relatively high variation between the extinction values of the different replicates, including those recorded in the control replicates. Therefore it was decided to repeat the test.
Concentrations measured at the start of a second limit test ranged from 0.18 to 1.0 mg/l. This time there was little variation between the extinction values of the untreated replicates and no inhibition of cell growth was recorded in any of the treated solutions.
Hence, based on the results of the present studies with Selenastrum capricornutum the test substance did not inhibit cell growth in saturated solutions with nominal concentrations far above the maximum solubility in water.
The EC50 values for both cell growth inhibition (EbC50: 0-72 h) and growth rate reduction (ErC50: 0-72 h) were greater than the maximum attainable concentration of ca.2 mg/l.
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