Yttrium zirconium oxide

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

from 30 oct 2000 to 29 nov 2000

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The study was conducted according to the OECD internationally recognised guideline, but the GLP are not stated, and no analytics were performed.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The substance practically insoluble in water, was introduced in the test medium by weighed adequate quantity and was dispersed by stirring. The dissolution was continued during a period of 168 hours to be sure that the equilibrium was reached and "soluble fraction" stable during the test. After correction of evaporation by addition of deionised water, stirring was stopped and the different suspensions were decanted for a resting period of 4 hours.
- Controls: yes, test water without test item
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): no

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebrafish
- Source: Pisciculture Exotique - Dourdan, 91, France
- size/weight: 30.4 mm, 0.3 g;
- Method of breeding: The fish were bred in reconstituted water (ISO 7346) with continual aeration and filtering device
- Food: TetraMin Tetra during breeding (no feeding during the test);

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 2 weeks
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Health during acclimatation: mortality less than 1% within the adaptation period.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

none

Hardness:

250 mg/L +/- 25 mg/L as CaCO3.

Test temperature:

24°C +/- 1°C

pH:

7.17-7.83

Dissolved oxygen:

4.5-8.2 mg/L

Salinity:

not applicable

Nominal and measured concentrations:

100 mg/l

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type : 5-L glass beakers
- Fill volume: 4 L of reconstituted water
- Aeration: none during the test, but dilution water was previously saturated with oxygen before the start of the test
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 0.76 g/L

WATER PARAMETERS
- Source: reconstituted water-ISO 7346
- Conductivity: < 5 µs/cm
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH and dissolved oxygen were measured after 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure
- No further data

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: about 12 h light daily
- Light intensity: natural diffused lighting

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED : Immobility and absence of respiration motion observed after 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

No mortality was observed during the test, either in control or test groups.
No abnormal response of the fish was observed during the test period.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Mortality: no data
- 24h LC50: 226 mg/L (K2Cr2O7). This calculated value was between the interval (200-400 mg/L) formerly defined by the method, and was used to validate the selected fish batch.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Using a limit test at 100 mg/L, zirconium dioxide had no acute toxic effect on the fish Danio rerio.

Executive summary:

The 96-h acute toxicity of zirconium dioxide to Brachydanio rerio was studied under static conditions, according to OECD Guideline 203. Fish were exposed to control and test chemical at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. Mortality/immobilization were observed daily. No mortality was observed during the test, neither in the control nor in the group exposed to the test item. The 96-h LC50 was thus > 100 mg/L.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

from 30 oct 2000 to 29 nov 2000

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The study was conducted according to the OECD internationally recognised guideline, but the GLP are not stated, and no analytics were performed.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The substance practically insoluble in water, was introduced in the test medium by weighed adequate quantity and was dispersed by stirring. The dissolution was continued during a period of 168 hours to be sure that the equilibrium was reached and "soluble fraction" stable during the test. After correction of evaporation by addition of deionised water, stirring was stopped and the different suspensions were decanted for a resting period of 4 hours.
- Controls: yes, test water without test item
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): no

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebrafish
- Source: Pisciculture Exotique - Dourdan, 91, France
- size/weight: 30.4 mm, 0.3 g;
- Method of breeding: The fish were bred in reconstituted water (ISO 7346) with continual aeration and filtering device
- Food: TetraMin Tetra during breeding (no feeding during the test);

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 2 weeks
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Health during acclimatation: mortality less than 1% within the adaptation period.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

none

Hardness:

250 mg/L +/- 25 mg/L as CaCO3.

Test temperature:

24°C +/- 1°C

pH:

7.17-7.83

Dissolved oxygen:

4.5-8.2 mg/L

Salinity:

not applicable

Nominal and measured concentrations:

100 mg/l

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type : 5 litres glass beakers
- Fill volume: 4 L of reconstituted water
- Aeration: none during the test, but dilution water was previously saturated with oxygen before the start of the test
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 0.76 g/L

WATER PARAMETERS
- Source: reconstituted water-ISO 7346
- Conductivity: < 5 µs/cm
- Intervals of water quality measurement : pH and dissolved oxygen were measured after 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure
- No further data

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: about 12 h light daily
- Light intensity: natural diffused lighting

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED : Immobility and absence of respiration motion observed after 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

No mortality was observed during the test, either in control or test groups.
No abnormal response of the fish was observed during the test period.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Mortality: no data
- 24h LC50: 226 mg/L (K2Cr2O7). This calculated value was between the interval (200-400 mg/L) formerly defined by the method, and was used to validate the selected fish batch.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Using a limit test at 100 mg/L, yttrium oxide had no acute toxic effect on the fish Danio rerio.

Executive summary:

The 96-h acute toxicity of yttrium oxide to Brachydanio rerio was studied under static conditions, according to OECD Guideline 203. Fish were exposed to control and test chemical at nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. Mortality/immobilization were observed daily. No mortality was observed during the test, neither in the control nor in the group exposed to the test item. The 96-h LC50 was thus > 100 mg/L.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Justification for type of information:

The endpoint was covered using the short-term toxicity to fish studies on zirconium(IV)oxide and yttrium(III)oxide in a weight of evidence approach. The read across justification is attached to IUCLID section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Remarks on result:

other: Yttrium zirconium oxide is not considered to be toxic or harmful to fish up to the limit of 100 mg/L.

Remarks:

This conclusion was based on the results of the studies from Bazzon (2000) with zirconium dioxide and yttrium oxide.

Description of key information

Based on results from the study of Bazzon (2000), in which the acute toxicity of zirconium dioxide as well as yttrium oxide was investigated in Brachydanio rerio and in which no mortality was observed up to the limit concentration of 100 mg/L (nominal loading rate), it can be concluded that yttrium zirconium oxide is not expected to cause toxic effects in fish up to the limit concentration of 100 mg/L either.

Additional information

1. Information on zirconium dioxide (CAS# 1314-23-4)

In a study from Bazzon (2000), the acute toxicity of the read across substance zirconium dioxide to Brachydanio rerio was studied under static conditions, according to OECD Guideline 203. Fish were exposed to control and test chemical at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. Mortality/immobilization were observed daily. No mortality was observed during the test, neither in the control nor in the group exposed to the test item. The 96-h LC50 was thus > 100 mg/L.

2. Information on yttrium oxide (CAS# 1314 -36 -9)

In the same study from Bazzon (2000), the acute toxicity of the read across substance yttrium oxide to Brachydanio rerio was studied under static conditions, according to OECD Guideline 203. Fish were exposed to control and test chemical at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. Mortality/immobilization were observed daily. No mortality was observed during the test, neither in the control nor in the group exposed to the test item. The 96-h LC50 was thus > 100 mg/L.

3. Conclusion on yttrium zirconium oxide

Both zirconium dioxide and yttrium oxide were demonstrated not to cause any immobilisation in acute daphnid toxicity studies at the (nominal) loading rate of 100 mg/L. Therefore, it can be concluded that yttrium zirconium oxide will not be harmful to fish either.