Cinnamyl alcohol

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Toxic effect type:

dose-dependent

Effects on fertility

Description of key information

Reproductive toxicity study

Based on the data available from different studies, NOAEL for test material was considered to be in range of 556.0-1000mg/kg /day for reproductive toxicity, when male and female rats were treated with test material orally. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation test material is not likely to classify as reproductive toxicant.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Remarks:

Experimental data from various test chemicals

Justification for type of information:

Weight of evidence approach based on the available information from various test chemicals.

Reason / purpose:

read-across source

Reason / purpose:

read-across source

Reason / purpose:

read-across source

Qualifier:

according to

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

WoE report is based on reproductive toxicity studies on rats

GLP compliance:

not specified

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: 2.Wistar 3 and 4.Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals and environmental conditions:

2.TEST ANIMALS
- Source: In-House Bred at sa-FORD, Animal Facility (CPCSEA Registration No. 1256/bc/09/CPCSEA)
- Females (if applicable) nulliparous and non-pregnant: Yes
- Age at study initiation: 12 - 13 weeks at the start of Oestrous Cycle evaluation.
- Weight at study initiation: Male: Minimum: 240 g Maximum: 315 g
Female: Minimum: 210 g Maximum: 260 g
- Fasting period before study: No data
- Housing: A total 2-3 rats/sex were housed in Polycarbonate cages (size 37 [cm] x 21 [cm], height 20[cm]). Cage rotation was carried out weekly during study period except during mating for males and females both and during gestation and lactation for females. Sterilized corn cob produced from pure corn, dried and free from dust, procured from approved supplier, was used as bedding material. It was renewed as often as necessary to keep the animals dry and clean.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): A conventional laboratory pelleted diet from approved supplier was offered ad libitum.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Aqua guard filtered drinking water in bottles was offered ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: 20 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18.30 to 22.70 °C
- Humidity (%): 43.90 to 67.60%
- Air changes (per hr): 12 times per hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light and 12 hours dark
IN-LIFE DATES: From: To: November 16, 2015 to March 26, 2016

3.TEST ANIMALS
- Source: National Institute of Biosciences, Pune.
- Age at study initiation: 6 to 8 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation:
Male 169.50 gg
Female 152.35 g
- Fasting period before study: No data available
- Housing: Animals were housed in polycarbonate cages. Three rats of same sex were housed together in each cage of size 39 cm X 28 cm X 14 cm. Paddy husk was used as bedding material.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Rodent feed supplied by the Nutrivet Life Sciences, Pune, was provided ad libitum from individual feeders on cage top.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Water was provided ad libitum from individual bottles attached to the cages. Water was from a local source and passed through the reverse osmosis membrane before use.
- Acclimation period: 5 days prior to dosing.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 3°C (actual range: 19.5 °C to 22.8 °C)
- Humidity (%):30% to 70% (actual range: 53.3% to 58.1%).
- Air changes (per hr): Ten air changes per hour of 100% fresh air that has been passed through the HEPA filters.
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): An artificial light and dark cycle of 12

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

corn oil

Details on exposure:

2.PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: The test item was weighed and dissolved in a vehicle (corn oil) to achieve desired concentration of test item. Dose formulation was freshly prepared daily. At the time of dosing, dose formulation was kept on the magnetic stirrer to maintain the homogeneity of test item.

DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): No data
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): No data
- Storage temperature of food: No data

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): Corn oil. The test chemical was soluble in corn oil
- Concentration in vehicle:
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 0.5 ml/100g body weight
- Lot/batch no. (if required): MR301015, MR161215
- Purity: No data

3.PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: Test chemical was diluted with Corn oil for preparation of dosing solution(s).
DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): No data available
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): No data available
- Storage temperature of food: No data available

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): No data available
- Concentration in vehicle:The solution(s) were prepared at concentrations of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/ml such that dosage of 0 (vehicle), 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 0.00 mg/ml/day, 26.60 mg/ml/day, 52.38 mg/ml/ day and 105.27 mg/ml/day.
- Lot/batch no. (if required): No data available
- Purity: No data available

4. PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: Virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats (10/group) were orally administered a vehicle or the test material at 3 dosages for one week prior to a 7-day cohabitation period through gestation, parturition and a 4-day postpartum period.

DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): No Data Available
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): No Data Available
- Storage temperature of food: No Data Available

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): Corn oil was used as the vehicle.
- Concentration in vehicle: 5 ml/kg
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): No Data Available
- Lot/batch no. (if required): No Data Available
- Purity: No Data Available

Details on mating procedure:

2.- M/F ratio per cage: One male and one female (1:1)
- Length of cohabitation: Female rats were housed with same male until pregnancy occurs or two weeks elapsed.
- Proof of pregnancy: Mating was confirmed by observation of sperm positive vaginal smear. The day of detection of sperm positive vaginal smear was considered as day "0" of gestation.
- After ... days of unsuccessful pairing replacement of first male by another male with proven fertility: No Data
- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: Yes, Re-mating of unsuccessfully paired female was done with proven male of the same group.
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged (how): No data
- Any other deviations from standard protocol: No data

3.- M/F ratio per cage: No data
- Length of cohabitation: Following the scheduled period of treatment (10 weeks of treatment for the F0 generation; 11 weeks after selection for the Fl generation), males and females from within the same treatment groups were paired on a one-to-one basis for a period up to 3 weeks.

- Proof of pregnancy: [vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear] referred to as [day 0 / day 1] of pregnancy: Each morning following pairing, the trays beneath the cages were checked for ejected copulation plugs and a vaginal smear was prepared from each female and examined for the presence of spermatozoa and the stage of the estrous cycle. The day on which evidence of mating was found was designated Day 0 of gestation.

- After ... days of unsuccessful pairing replacement of first male by another male with proven fertility.: If there were no positive indication of mating after 14 days and the females had shown evidence of estrous at the time, the male partner was replaced by a proven male from within the same group.

- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: [no / yes (explain)] No data

- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged (how): Once mating occurred, the males and females were generally separated and smearing was discontinued. However after inconclusive mating, smearing continued up to 5 days to confirm positive mating.

- Any other deviations from standard protocol: No data

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

The analytical method was validated with respect to the following parameters.

Specificity:
The specificity will be evaluated by analysing the solvent used, standard solution, and sample solution.

Linearity:
The linearity was carried out by preparing and analyzing the standard solutions of at least 6 concentrations (covering the target analyte concentration i.e. 5 ppm,10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm ). A plot was drawn between the concentration and the response. The correlation coefficient, slope and intercept was calculated.

Assay accuracy and precision:
Assay accuracy and precision was carried out by fortifying the standard in vehicle at two levels (covering the target analyte concentration i.e., 10 ppm & 100 ppm). Five preparations were carried out at each concentration level selected. Two controls along with the assay accuracy samples were analysed. The mean, SD, % RSD was calculated. Assay accuracy was reported as the mean % recovery whereas the precision was reported as % RSD.

Homogeneity:
The homogeneity of the dose formulation prepared was determined by sampling and analyzing the formulation at top, middle and bottom layers. Sampling was done in two replicates from each layer.

Stability:
The stability of the prepared dose formulation was determined by analysing the sample at different time points (Stability was determined by sampling and analyzing the aliquots from the sample stored at 25 ± 2°C at the time points of 0, 2 and 6 hours).Two replications was analyzed at each time point.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

2.64 days
3.28 days consecutively
4. Males: 14 Days
Females: Virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats (10/group) were orally administered a vehicle or the test material at 3 dosages for one week prior to a 7-day cohabitation period through gestation, parturition and a 4-day postpartum period.

Frequency of treatment:

2.Total days: 64
All animals of both sexes were dosed 2 weeks prior to mating. Dosing was continued in both sexes during the mating period. Males were further dosed till 47th day . Females were dosed during pregnancy and upto day 4 post partum.
4. Once Daily

Details on study schedule:

No data

Remarks:

Study 2.
0.0,308.0,556.0,1000.0mg/kg bw/day.
Study 3.
0 (vehicle), 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
Study 4.
0 (vehicle), 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

Study 2.
Total: 124 ( 104 Test animals + 20 recovery animals)
Test animals:
0 mg/Kg bw: 13 males and 13 females
308 mg/Kg bw: 13 males and 13 females
556 mg/Kg bw: 13 males and 13 females
1000 mg/Kg bw: 13 males and 13 females

Recovery animals:
0 mg/Kg bw: 5 males and 5 females
1000 mg/Kg bw: 5 males and 5 females

Study 3.
Total:48
Control: 6 male, 6 female
250 mg/kg bw/day: 6 male, 6 female
500 mg/kg bw/day: 6 male, 6 female
100 0mg/kg bw/day: 6 male, 6 female

Study 4. 10 per group

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: The dose levels were selected based on the information provided by Sponsor.
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): Randomization was done based on recent body weight, before first dosing. The animals were allocated to the different test groups using validated software or the ‘Group Allocation’ function in the MS Excel Add-in “Daniel’s XL Toolbar” (http://xltoolbox.sourceforge.net/). Individual body weights will be considered within ± 20% of the groups mean.
- Other: No data

Positive control:

No data

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

2. CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily throughout the acclimatization and study period
- Cage side observations checked in table [No.?] were included. Mortality and morbidity

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: General clinical observations of animals of all groups were made once a day. Detailed clinical examinations were carried out once before the first treatment (to allow for within-subject comparisons) and weekly thereafter.

Observations included, but not be limited to, changes in skin, fur, eyes, mucous membranes, occurrence of secretions and excretions and autonomic activity (e.g. lacrimation, piloerection, pupil size, and unusual respiratory pattern). Changes in gait, posture and response to handling as well as the presence of clonic
or tonic movements, stereotypies (e.g. excessive grooming, repetitive circling) or bizarre behaviour (e.g. self-mutilation, walking backwards)

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Males and females were weighed during randomization, on the first day of dosing, at least weekly thereafter, and at termination. During pregnancy, females were weighed on days 0, 7, 14 and 20 and within 24 hours of parturition (day 0 or 1 post-partum), day 4 post-partum and before terminal sacrifice.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): Yes
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes, During pre-mating, pregnancy and lactation, feed consumption were measured at least weekly. Feed consumption was not measured during mating period.
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Not specified

FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Not specified

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): Not specified
- Time schedule for examinations: Not specified

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Not specified
- Time schedule for examinations: Not specified
- Dose groups that were examined: Not specified

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: just prior to necropsy at the end of the treatment and recovery periods
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, Isoflurane anaesthesia
- Animals fasted: Yes, Animals were fasted overnight (approximately 16-18 hr) prior to blood collection
- How many animals: 5 males and 5 females
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined. Total Erythrocyte Count (RBC), Hematocrit (HCT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Hemoglobin (HGB), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Platelet Count (PLT), Total Leukocyte count (WBC), Prothombin Time (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin time (aPTT)

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: just prior to necropsy at the end of the treatment and recovery periods
- Animals fasted: Yes, Animals were fasted overnight (approximately 16-18 hr) prior to blood collection
- How many animals: 5 males and 5 females
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined. Glucose (Glu), Cholesterol (Chol), Triglycerides (TRIG), Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Calcium, Albumin (Alb) , Total Protein (TP), Creatinine (Crea), Phosphorus, Urea, Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) – Calculated, Globulin (Glob) - Calculated, Alb/ Glb (A:G) – Calculated, Bile acids

URINALYSIS: Not specified
- Time schedule for collection of urine: Not specified
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Not specified
- Animals fasted: Not specified
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined. Not specified

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION:Not specified
- Time schedule for examinations: Not specified
- Dose groups that were examined: Not specified
- Battery of functions tested: sensory activity / grip strength / motor activity / other: Not specified

IMMUNOLOGY: Not specified
- Time schedule for examinations: Not specified
- How many animals: Not specified
- Dose groups that were examined: Not specified
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined. Not specified

OTHER:
Functional Battery Observations: Sensory reactivity to stimuli, assessment of grip strength, hind limb foot splay and motor activity assessment were conducted for five males and five females from control and treatment groups, during the last week of treatment and that of recovery groups, in the last week of recovery period.

Animals were subjected to examinations of various functional parameters which included; motor activity measurements using OPTO–VARIMEX 4, an automated animal activity measuring system; fore limb and hind limb grip strength, using grip strength meter; hind limb foot splay record and sensory reactivity measurements.

3.CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily throughout the acclimatization and study period
- Cage side observations checked in table [No.?] were included. Mortality and morbidity

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: General clinical observations of animals of all groups were made once a day. Detailed clinical examinations were carried out once before the first treatment (to allow for within-subject comparisons) and weekly thereafter.

Observations included, but not be limited to, changes in skin, fur, eyes, mucous membranes, occurrence of secretions and excretions and autonomic activity (e.g. lacrimation, piloerection, pupil size, and unusual respiratory pattern). Changes in gait, posture and response to handling as well as the presence of clonic
or tonic movements, stereotypies (e.g. excessive grooming, repetitive circling) or bizarre behaviour (e.g. self-mutilation, walking backwards)

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Males and females were weighed during randomization, on the first day of dosing, at least weekly thereafter, and at termination. During pregnancy, females were weighed on days 0, 7, 14 and 20 and within 24 hours of parturition (day 0 or 1 post-partum), day 4 post-partum and before terminal sacrifice.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): Yes
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes, During pre-mating, pregnancy and lactation, feed consumption were measured at least weekly. Feed consumption was not measured during mating period.
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Not specified

FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Not specified

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): Not specified
- Time schedule for examinations: Not specified

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Not specified
- Time schedule for examinations: Not specified
- Dose groups that were examined: Not specified

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: just prior to necropsy at the end of the treatment and recovery periods
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, Isoflurane anaesthesia
- Animals fasted: Yes, Animals were fasted overnight (approximately 16-18 hr) prior to blood collection
- How many animals: 5 males and 5 females
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined. Total Erythrocyte Count (RBC), Hematocrit (HCT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Hemoglobin (HGB), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Platelet Count (PLT), Total Leukocyte count (WBC), Prothombin Time (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin time (aPTT)

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: just prior to necropsy at the end of the treatment and recovery periods
- Animals fasted: Yes, Animals were fasted overnight (approximately 16-18 hr) prior to blood collection
- How many animals: 5 males and 5 females
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined. Glucose (Glu), Cholesterol (Chol), Triglycerides (TRIG), Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Calcium, Albumin (Alb) , Total Protein (TP), Creatinine (Crea), Phosphorus, Urea, Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) – Calculated, Globulin (Glob) - Calculated, Alb/ Glb (A:G) – Calculated, Bile acids

URINALYSIS: Not specified
- Time schedule for collection of urine: Not specified
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Not specified
- Animals fasted: Not specified
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined. Not specified

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION:Not specified
- Time schedule for examinations: Not specified
- Dose groups that were examined: Not specified
- Battery of functions tested: sensory activity / grip strength / motor activity / other: Not specified

IMMUNOLOGY: Not specified
- Time schedule for examinations: Not specified
- How many animals: Not specified
- Dose groups that were examined: Not specified
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined. Not specified

OTHER:
Functional Battery Observations: Sensory reactivity to stimuli, assessment of grip strength, hind limb foot splay and motor activity assessment were conducted for five males and five females from control and treatment groups, during the last week of treatment and that of recovery groups, in the last week of recovery period.

Animals were subjected to examinations of various functional parameters which included; motor activity measurements using OPTO–VARIMEX 4, an automated animal activity measuring system; fore limb and hind limb grip strength, using grip strength meter; hind limb foot splay record and sensory reactivity measurements.

4. The male animals and dams observed daily for clinical signs and were monitored for mortality, body weight, body weight gain, and food consumption.

Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):

2. Estrous cycle was monitored for its regularity during treatment period and in cohabitation for confirmation of pregnancy.

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

No Data Available

Litter observations:

2. STANDARDISATION OF LITTERS
- Performed on day 4 postpartum: No data
- If yes, maximum of [...] pups/litter ([...]/sex/litter as nearly as possible); excess pups were killed and discarded. No data

PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in [F1] offspring: Each litter was examined as soon as possible after delivery to establish the number and sex of pups, stillbirths, live births, runts (pups that are significantly smaller than corresponding control pups), and the presence of gross abnormalities. Live pups were counted and sexed within 24 hours of parturition (day 0 or 1 post-partum) and on day 4 post-partum. Live pups were weighed within 24 hours of parturition (day 0 or 1 post-partum) and on day 4 post-partum.

GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS:
Terminally sacrificed pups and pups died during the course of study were subjected to gross pathology

ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY: No data

ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL IMMUNOTOXICITY: No data

4. Reproductive performance was monitored in terms of mating index, fertility index, implantation sites per litter, duration of gestation, gestation index and litter size.

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

2. GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes, At scheduled sacrifice date, all rats of main and recovery groups were euthanized by over dose of carbon dioxide followed by exsanguination. The animals were examined externally in unopened condition. This was followed by opening of the carcasses and topographic examination of different organs. This included careful examination of the external surface of the body, all orifices, cranial, thoracic and visceral cavities and their contents. Simultaneously gross lesions examination was performed in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of the Laboratory. Number of implatation sites in uterus and number of corpora lutea of all pregnant females were counted during necropsy examination.

Similarly, necropsy of terminally sacrificed and found dead pups during study period were conducted and gross pathological observations were recorded.

Following organs from randomly selected 5 male and 5 female rats were collected and preserved : Adrenals, Aorta, Bone (femur) with joint, Brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, mid brain), Cecum, Colon, Duodenum, Epididymides, Eyes with optic nerve, Heart, Ileum, Jejunum, Kidneys, Liver, Lungs, Mammary glands, Mesenteric and Mandibular lymph node, Oesophagus, Ovaries with oviduct, Pancreas, Peyer's Patches, Pituitary, Prostate and Seminal vesicle with coagulating glands, Rectum, Salivary glands, Sciatic Nerve, Skeletal muscle, Skin, Spleen, Spinal Cord (cervical, mid-thoracic and lumbar), Sternum with marrow, Stomach, Testes, Thymus, Thyroid with Parathyroids, Trachea, Urinary Bladder, Uterus, Cervix with Vagina

Testes, epididymides, prostate and seminal vesicle with coagulating glands of all male rats and ovaries, uterus and cervix with vagina of all female rats were collected and preserved. Thyroid gland of one male and one female pup from each litter was collected and preserved. Collected Organs/tissues were fixed and preserved in 10 % Neutral buffered formalin. Testes and epididymis were initially fixed in Bouin’s fluid for approximately 24 hr, then 4 changes were given in 70% alcohol and transferred to 10 % neutral buffered formalin for preservation. Eyes were initially fixed in Modified Davidson‘s fluid for approximately 24 hr and then transferred to 10 % neutral buffered formalin for preservation.

Organ Weight: Weighing of brain, adrenals, ovaries with oviduct, testes, epididymides, heart, liver, kidneys, thymus and spleen was performed for randomly selected 5 male and 5 female rats. Testes and epididymides of all male rats were weighed. Before weighing adherent tissue/fat from organs were trimmed off and were kept in normal saline.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes, All the preserved organs (Testes, epididymides, prostate and seminal vesicle with coagulating glands, ovaries, uterus and cervix with vagina) of all the rats, all the preserved tissues of randomly selected five male and five female rats of groups G1 and G4 and preserved thyroid of one male and one female pup of each litter were subjected to histopathological examination. All the tissues were trimmed, processed, embedded in paraffin wax. Sections were cut at a thickness of 3-5 micron and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Processed tissues were subjected to histopathological examination. The prepared slides were examined under microscope by the Pathologist to note histopathological lesions, if any in different organs. Special attention was paid to observe effect of test item on reproductive system and spermatogenesis. The observed abnormalities were described according to morphological character, distribution, severity.

3. Postmortem examinations (Parent Animal)
SACRIFICE: male and female animals sacrificed on day 29,
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
Gross necropsy was conducted. All the animals of 0 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day group were sacrificed and gross lesions were noted.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Control and treated at the highest dose level of 1000 mg/kg were subjected to sacrifice.

Organs examined: Adrenals, Aorta, Brain (cerebrum, cerebellum and pons), Caecum, Cervix, Colon, Duodenum, Epididymides, Eyes, Heart, Ileum, Jejunum, Kidneys, Liver, Lungs, Mesenteric Lymphnodes, Oesophagus, Ovaries, Pancreas, Pituitary gland, Pharyngeal Lymphnodes, Prostate, Rectum, Skeletal Muscles, Skin with Mammary Gland, Spleen, Sternum with bone marrow, Sciatic Nerve, Spinal Cord (Cervical, mid thoracic and lumbar), Stomach, Seminal Vesicles with Coagulation Gland, Testes, Thymus, Thyroid, Trachea, Vagina, Urinary Bladder and Uterus of 1000 mg/kg/bw/day group.
3.All parental animals were subject to a detailed macroscopic examination for evidence of disease or adverse reaction to treatment. The necropsy procedure included a review of the history of each animal, and a detailed examination of the cranial, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities and their viscera. The external and cut surfaces of the organs and tissues were examined, either before or after weighing as appropriate. The number of uterine implantation sites was rec orded for the adult females. Abnormalities interactions and changes were noted, the requisite organs weighed and the required tissue samples preserved in fixative. Unselected Fl offspring and F2 offspring were examined macroscopically for evidence of disease or adverse reaction to treatment and appropriate organs weighed and retained. Any abnormal tissues were also retained. The following tissues were microscopically examined for 10 parent males and 10 parent females of Groups 1 and 4 sacrificed on completion of the schedule treatment period and for all adult animals killed or dying before schedules termination: adrenal glands, epididymis (right), mammary glands (caudal), ovaries with oviduct (left and right), pituitary, prostrate (ventral lobe), seminal vesicles and coagulated gland, testis (right), uterus with cervix, vagina. Mammary glands were retained from females with total litter loss.

4. The males were sacrificed and necropsied on day 14 while on day 25 of gestation dams were necropsied and examined for gross lesions.

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

2.SACRIFICE
- The F1 offspring not selected as parental animals and all F2 offspring were sacrificed at [#?] days of age. No data
- These animals were subjected to postmortem examinations (macroscopic and/or microscopic examination) as follows: Gross pathology- Pups: Terminally sacrificed pups and pups died during the course of study were subjected to gross pathology

GROSS NECROPSY
- Gross necropsy consisted of external and internal examinations including the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera.

HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGTHS
The tissues indicated in Table [#] were prepared for microscopic examination and weighed, respectively. No data

4 .Offsprings were observed for external, visceral and other malformations.

Statistics:

2. Raw data was analysed using statistical software “Sigma Plot 11.0” (Supplied by Cranes Software International Ltd. Bangalore). The mean and standard deviation was calculated using the software and all data was summarized in tabular form. All continuous data (body weight, feed consumption, Functional Observational Battery parameters, hematology, clinical chemistry, absolute and relative organ weights, maternal and pup parameters etc.) were checked for normality using Shapiro Wilk test. All homogenous data was analysed using ANOVA and data showing significance in their variances was subjected to Dunnett’s t-test. All heterogeneous data was analysed using F test and Student’s t-test, Dunn’s Test, Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA on ranks

4. ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test

Reproductive indices:

2. Pregnancy index/fertility index ,Mean Post-Implantation Loss (%), Post-natal Loss (%) were determined
4. Mating index, fertility index, implantation sites per litter, duration of gestation, gestation index and litter size.

Offspring viability indices:

2. Pups Survival Index (%) was determined
4.Litter size and litter index

Clinical signs:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

2.No apparent treatment related clinical signs were observed in any of the animals throughout the treatment and recovery period. Detailed clinical examinations like Home cage observation, Handling observation and Open field observation of all animals were observed to be normal during study period.Statistically significant decrease was observed in number of rears of G3 (556 mg/kg body weight) and G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight) male on pre-treatment as compared to control G1 (0 mg/kg body weight). The statistically significant increase was observed in number of urine pools of G3 (556 mg/kg body weight) and G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight) male at pre-treatment as compared to control G1 (0 mg/kg body weight). Statistically significant increase was observed in number of fecal bolus of G3 (556 mg/kg body weight) male at pre-treatment as compared to control G1 (0 mg/kg body weight). Statistically significant increase was observed in number of rears of G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight) male at week 4 as compared to control G1 (0 mg/kg body weight). Statistically significant increase was observed in number of urine pools of G3 (556 mg/kg body weight) male at week 6 as compared to control G1 (0 mg/kg body weight). Statistically significant increase was observed in number of rears of G2 (308 mg/kg body weight), G3 (556 mg/kg body weight) and G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight) female at pre-treatment as compared to control G1 (0 mg/kg body weight). Statistically significant increase was observed in number of fecal bolus of G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight) female at week 5 as compared to control G1 (0 mg/kg body weight). The above changes observed were inconsistent/ biologically insignificant and not dose dependant, hence considered as incidental and not attributed to the effect of test item administration.
3.No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in the animals throughout the dosing period of 28 days
Before commencement of treatment:
Home cage observations in rats from all treated groups and control group revealed normal behavior, alterations, vocalization, respiration and palpebral closure.
During handling observation, handling of rats did not reveal any abnormality from all treated groups and control group.
Open field observation of rats did not reveal any abnormality from all treated groups and control group.
During study period:
At the end of dosing period: Week 1,
Home cage observations in animals from all treated groups and control group revealed normal behavior, alterations, vocalization, respiration and palpebral closure.
During handling observation, handling of animals did not reveal any abnormality from all treated groups and control group.
Open field observation of animals did not reveal any abnormality from all treated groups and control group.
Week 2:
Home cage observations in animals from all treated groups and control group revealed normal behavior, alterations, vocalization, respiration and palpebral closure.
During handling observation, handling of animals did not reveal any abnormality from all treated groups and control group.
Open field observation of animals did not reveal any abnormality from all treated groups and control group.
Week 3:
Home cage observations in animals from all treated groups and control group revealed normal behavior, alterations, vocalization, respiration and palpebral closure.
During handling observation, handling of animals did not reveal any abnormality from all treated groups and control group.
Open field observation of animals did not reveal any abnormality from all treated groups and control group.
Week 4:
Home cage observations in animals from all treated groups and control group revealed normal behavior, alterations, vocalization, respiration and palpebral closure.
During handling observation, handling of animals did not reveal any abnormality from all treated groups and control group.
Open field observation of animals did not reveal any abnormality from all treated groups and control group.
4.At the 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw levels, a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in mortality, clinical symptoms of toxicity was observed.

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Description (incidence):

2 and 3. No mortality or morbidity was observed in any animal of the control and treatment groups throughout the study period.
4. At the 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw levels, a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in mortality, clinical symptoms of toxicity was observed.

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

2.A statistically significant decrease was observed in body weight of G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight) male on day 30 as compared to control G1 (0 mg/kg body weight). Statistically significant decrease was observed in body weight of G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight) female on day 20 of gestation as compared to control G1 (0 mg/kg body weight). Statistically significant decrease was observed in body weight of G4-R (1000 mg/kg body weight) male on day 29, 36, 41 as compared to control G1-R (0 mg/kg body weight). Statistically significant decrease was observed in percent body weight change of G3 (556 mg/kg body weight) and G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight) male on day 1-8, 1-14 whereas statistically significant decrease was observed in percent body weight change of G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight) male on day 1-21, 1-28, 1-30, 1-37, 1-44, 1-46 as compared to control G1-R (0 mg/kg body weight). Statistically significant decrease was observed in percent body weight change during gestation period of G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight) female on day 0-14, 0-20 as compared to control G1 (0 mg/kg body weight). Statistically significant decrease was observed in percent body weight change of G4-R (1000 mg/kg body weight) male on day 1-8, 1-15, 1-22, 1-29 as compared to control G1-R (0 mg/kg body weight). Body weight and Percent body weight changes in animals of the all other test groups of both the sexes was comparable and did not show any significant difference as compared to the respective control group.These changes observed were inconsistent, hence not considered as effect of the test item administration.
3. Animals from control and different dose groups exhibited normal body weight gain throughout the dosing period of 28 days.
4. Maternal changes at 250 mg/kg bw included a statistically significant decrease in body weight and body weight gain that was accompanied by a decrease in food consumption.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

2. Statistically significant decrease in feed consumption was observed in G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight) female on gestation day 14-20 as compared to the control group G1. Feed consumption in animals of the all other test groups of both the sexes was comparable and did not show any significant difference as compared to the respective control group.Changes observed in feed consumption were inconsistent, hence not considered as effect of the test item administration
3. Animals from control and all treated dose groups exhibited normal feed consumption at the end of the dosing period of 28 days
4. Maternal changes at 250 mg/kg bw included a statistically significant decrease in body weight and body weight gain that was accompanied by a decrease in food consumption.

Food efficiency:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

2. Formulations were found to be homogeneous and stable upto 6 hour in vehicle corn oil. The mean active ingredient content at 61.6, 111.2 and 200 mg/ml concentration of Methyl Phenyl acetate (CAS No.:101-41-7) was 61.770, 110.321 and 200.007 mg/ml on day 1; 62.045, 110.902 and 198.199 mg/ml on day 21 and 60.726, 111.912 and 201.231 mg/ml on day 40, respectively

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

2.All hematological parameters in animals of different treated groups of both the sexes were comparable to their respective control groups, except statistically significant decrease observed for MCHC, WBC in males of G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight) as compared to G1, statistically significant increase observed
for aPTT in males of G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight) and G3 (556 mg/kg body weight) as compared to G1. Statistically significant decrease observed for RBC, HCT, HGB, WBC in males of G4-R (1000 mg/kg body weight) as compared to G1-R. Statistically significant decrease observed for PT in females of G3 (556 mg/kg body weight) as compared to G1. Statistically significant decrease observed for MCHC and statistically significant increase observed for RBC, HCT, HGB in females of G4-R (1000 mg/kg body weight) as compared to G1-R.
The above changes were inconsistent, not related to the test item and may be due to the preanalytical and analytical variables
3..Male and Female -
Haematological investigations conducted at the end of dosing period on day 29, revealed following significant changes in the values of different parameters studied when compared with that of respective controls.
Male :
Hb : Increased values were obtained for animals from 500 mg/kg (p≤0.01) and 1000 mg/kg (p≤0.05) dose groups,
MCHC : Increased values were obtained for animals from 500 mg/kg dose group (p≤0.01) and
Total WBC : Increased values were obtained for animals from 1000 mg/kg dose group (p≤0.05).
Female :
Platelets : Increased values were obtained for animals from 1000 mg/kg dose group (p≤0.05).

Clinical biochemistry findings:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

2.All clinical chemistry parameters in animals of different treated groups of both the sexes were comparable to their respective control groups, except statistically significant increase observed for ALT and statistical ly significant decrease observed for Sodium (Na) in males of G4 (1000 mg/kg Body weight) as compared to G1. Statistically significant increase observed for Creatinine in males of G2 (308 mg/kg Body weight) as compared to G1. Statistically significant decrease observed for Total Protein and statistically significant increase observed for A/G ratio in females of G3 (556 mg/kg Body weight) as compared to G1.The above changes were inconsistent, not dose dependent hence considered as incidental in nature.
3.Male and Female -
Biochemical investigations conducted at the end of dosing period on day 29, revealed following significant changes in the values of different parameters studied when compared with that of respective controls.
Male :
Sodium : Elevated levels were observed in animals from 250 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg dose groups (p≤0.01) and
Chloride : Elevated levels were observed in animals from 250 mg/kg dose group (p≤0.05).
Female :
Calcium : Elevated levels were observed in animals from 250 mg/kg dose group (p≤0.01),
Bilirubin : Elevated levels were observed in animals from 500 mg/kg dose group (p≤0.05),
Sodium : Elevated levels were observed in animals from 250 mg/kg (p≤0.01), 500 mg/kg (p≤0.05) and 1000 mg/kg (p≤0.01) dose groups,
Alkaline Phosphatase : Decreased levels were observed in animals from 250 mg/kg dose group (p≤0.05),
Potassium : Decreased levels were observed in animals from 250 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg dose groups (p≤0.05) and
Chloride : Decreased levels were observed in animals from 1000 mg/kg dose group (p≤0.05).

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Behaviour (functional findings):

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

2.The sensory reactivity measurements were comparable and no changes were revealed in any of the animals of all treated groups in both the sexes.Foot splay and fore limb and hind limb grip strength parameters were comparable and no treatment related changes were revealed in any of the animals of all treated groups except a statistically significant decrease was observed in hindlimb foot splay in G4-R (1000 mg/kg body weight) male as compared to therepective control group G1-R. The above changes observed were inconsistent/ biologically insignificant and not dose dependant, hence, considered as incidental and not attributed to the effect of test item administration.
Motor activity measurements were comparable and no changes were revealed in any of the animals from all treated groups of both the sexes as compare to control group except statistically significant decrease was observed in ST=Stereotypic time in G2, G3 and G4 male as compared to control group G1 and G4-R in female as compared to G1-R.The above changes observed were inconsistent, hence considered as incidental and not attributed to the effect of test item administration.
3.Sensory Reactivity Observations:
All animals from control and different dose groups showed normal arousal level, visual response, touch response, auditory response, tail pinch response and visual placing response. Normal air righting reflex was observed in all animals from control and different dose groups in week 4.
Grip Strength:
Grip strength values observed in male and female animals for control and different dose groups were comparable.
Motor Activity:
Higher values were observed in male animals from 500 mg/kg dose group for first interval (p≤0.05). Lower values were observed in female animals from 500 mg/kg dose group for first interval (p≤0.01) and for second interval (p≤0.05).
These changes were within laboratory range and were considered to be of no toxicological importance.

Immunological findings:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

2.Microscopic examination of control group and rats treated at 308, 556 and 1000 mg/kg revealed varying degree of pathological changes in different organs. This includes Liver: focal to multifocal minimal lymphocytic infiltration (Male: G1:1/5, G4:2/5; Female: G1: 1/5; G4: 2/5); focal minimal necrosis (Male: G1:1/5; Female: G1: 1/5); Kidneys: focal minimal lymphocytic infiltration (Male: G1:2/5; Female: G4:1/5); focal mild mineralization (Female: G1:1/5); Lungs: multifocal minimal lymphocytic infiltration (Male:G1:1/5, G4:1/5; Female: G1: 2/5, G4: 3/5); focal minimal histiocyte infiltration (Female: G1: 1/5, G4: 1/5); Heart: focal minimal lymphocytic infiltration (Male: G1:1/5, G4:1/5); Aorta: focal minimal aneurysm (Male:G1:1/5, G4:1/5); Mandibular Lymph Node: focal moderate cystic dilation of cortex (Female: G4:1/5); Stomach: focal mild squamous epithelium hyperplasia (Female: G1: 1/5); Mesenteric lymph node: focal moderate cystic dilation of cortex (Female:G1:1/5); Spleen: focal to diffuse minimal to mild extramedullary hematopoesis (Female: G1: 2/5, G4: 3/5); Thymus: mild to moderate atrophy (Female: G1:3/5, G4:4/5); focal mild
cystic epithelial dilation (Male: G4:1/5; Female: G1: 1/5, G4:1/5); Trachea: focal to multifocal minimal to moderate Neutrophilic/lymphocytic infiltration (Male: G1:3/5, G4:3/5; Female: G1: 2/5, G4:1/5); Adrenal s: unilateral accessory adrenocortical tissue (Male: G1:1/5, G4:1/5); Testes: focal to multifocal minimal to mild retention of mature sperm (Male: G1:4/13, G2:8/13, G3:8/13, G4:8/13); focal minimal to mild degeneration of seminiferous tubules (Male: G1:2/13, G2:1/13, G3:1/13, G4:1/13); focal to multifocal minimal sloughing of Pachytene Spermatocyte (Male: G1:2/13, G2:2/13, G3:2/13, G4:2/13); focal minimal sloughing of round spermatid (Male: G1:1/13, G2:1/13, G3:1/13, G4:1/13); focal mild infiltration of multinucleated giant cells (Male: G1:1/13); Seminal Vesicles: multifocal mild neutrophilic /lymphocytic infiltration (Male: G1:1/13); Prostate: focal moderate necrotic debris in lumen (Male: G2:1/13); Uterus: multifocal to diffuse mild reduction of stromal cells (Female: G1:1/13; G4:2/13); focal moderate necrosis (Female: G3:1/13); multifocal mild to moderate nodular hyperplasia (Female: G1:1/13; G2:1/13; G4:1/13); Cervix: focal minimal lymphocytic infiltration (Female: G2:1/13). Microscopic examination of thyroid of male and female pups of control group and treated group did not revealed any lesion of pathological significance.

From the patho-morphological results presented, it is concluded that, the treatment of Methyl Phenyl acetate at 308, 556 and 1000 mg/kg body weight in male and female rats did not affect adversely and no alteration of pathological significance was observed in any of the organs including reproductive organs.

3.No treatment related histopathological changes were evident in male and female rats from control and high dose groups.
Histopathological examination revealed minimal focal to multifocal periportal mononuclear cell infiltration in the liver; minimal interstitial haemorrhages in the kidneys; minimal alveolar haemorrhages and/or alveolar histiocytosis in the lungs; minimal multifocal haemosiderosis and/or diffused congestion in spleen; minimal eosinophilic infiltration and/or luminal dilatation in uterus; minimal luminal seminal coagulum in the urinary bladder; minimal dilatation of zona reticularis and/or presence of accessory adrenocortical tissue in adrenals; minimal multifocal haemorrhages in thymus; presence of ultimobranchial cysts in thyroid; in male or female animals from control and high dose group. All the changes observed in the control and high dose treatment group animals were similar, incidental and mode of death related, physiological and are covered in the facility historical data of the histopathology findings.

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Lesions observed in liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, aorta, stomach, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, trachea, adrenal gland and reproductive organs of high dose treated group rats are well comparable with respective control group rats and exhibited no dose relationship. Further these observed lesions are common in occurrence in rodents during toxicological studies. Hence, occurrence of these lesions could be considered as spontaneous or incidental in nature and not to be attributed to the administration of the Test Item.

Other effects:

not specified

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No test item related changes in estrous cyclicity and precoital interval were observed. In control group G1 and treatment group G2 all the females showed regular cyclicity i.e. 3-5 days estrous cycle; while in group G3, 3 females and in group G4, 4 females showed prolonged diestrous i.e more than 3 days with total estrous cycle period of 6 days or more before mating period. In cohabitation or mating period, all females from control and treated groups showed evidence of copulation i.e. sperm positive vaginal smear. Precoital Interval was calculated, all females showed precoital interval less than 5 days, except 1, 1 and 4 females from G1, G3 and G4, respectively which showed precoital interval more than 5 days.

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

not specified

Reproductive performance:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

2. Pregnancy index was found to be 92.31, 84.62, 84.62 and 61.54 in G1, G2, G3 and G4 respectively. Marked decrease in Pregnancy index / Fertility index in G4(1000 mg/kg body weight) was considered to be treatment related.
3. Mating index was decreased in the 1000 mg/kg bw dose group only. In dams included decreased activity and excess salivation during the pre-gestation period and increased (P less than 0.01) salivation in the high dose group during gestation. Significant (P less than 0.05 to less than 0.01) decreases in body weight and absolute and relative food consumption were measured during the premating period.

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

> 556 - <= 1 200 mg/kg bw (total dose)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

female

Basis for effect level:

other: Significant changes in the pregnancy index were found at 1000 mg/Kg bw.

Remarks on result:

other: No toxic effects were observed

Critical effects observed:

not specified

System:

other: not specified

Organ:

not specified

Clinical signs:

not specified

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality / viability:

mortality observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

2. There was no statistically significant difference between the control (G1) and treatment groups for mortality, no. of live births and survival index.
4. Significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in pup viability and body weight occurred in the high dose groups compared to controls.

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

2.There was no statistically significant difference between the control (G1) and treatment groups for pups weight at birth and PND4 and weight gain at PND4
3. Significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in pup viability and body weight occurred in the high dose groups compared to controls.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

not specified

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not specified

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Sexual maturation:

not specified

Anogenital distance (AGD):

not specified

Nipple retention in male pups:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not specified

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

2.Pups died during course of study revealed various lesions among the control and treated groups viz., external examination emaciated carcass (Male: G1:2/55, G2:1/44, G3:5/35; Female: G1:3/56, G2:1/30, G3:6/54); Cannibalism (Male: G1:3/55, G3:2/35; Female: G1:2/56, G3:3/54); Tearing of Neck Muscle (Female: G3:1/54; G4:1/18) and internal examination absence of milk in stomach (Male: G1: 6/55, G2: 6/44, G3: 12/35, G4: 3/16; Female: G1: 8/56, G3: 14/54, G4: 2/18); blood clot in thoracic cavity (Male: G1: 2/55, G2: 3/44, G3: 1/35; Female: G1: 1/56, G3: 1/54, G4: 1/18); reddish discoloration of brain (Male: G1: 1/55, G2: 1/44, G3: 1/35; Female: G1: 1/56, G3: 3/54, G4: 1/18); reddish discoloration of lungs (Male: G1: 5/55, G2: 5/44, G3: 7/35, G4: 1/16; Female: G2: 1/30, G3: 10/54, G4: 2/18); paleness of liver (Male: G1: 1/55, G2: 2/44, G3: 1/35; Female: G3: 4/54, G4: 2/18); congested intestine (Female: G1: 1/56, G3: 1/54); autolytic changes (Female: G2: 1/30, G3: 2/54, G4: 1/18)
4. No gross lesions in pups were attributable to administration of the test material.

Histopathological findings:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Microscopic examination of thyroid of male and female pups of control group and treated group did not revealed any lesion of pathological significance

Other effects:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Pups sex ratio (Male/Female) was found to be 55/57, 44/30, 43/58, and 21/26 in G1, G2, G3 and G4 respectively.

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Developmental immunotoxicity:

not specified

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

> 556 - <= 1 200 mg/kg bw (total dose)

Based on:

test mat. (total fraction)

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: Fertility index/pregnancy index was decreased at dose level of 1000 mg/Kg bw in dams which was correlated to the viability of offsprings

Remarks on result:

other: No developmental toxic effects observed

Critical effects observed:

not specified

System:

other: not specified

Organ:

not specified

Critical effects observed:

not specified

System:

other: not specified

Organ:

not specified

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Conclusions:

No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) is considered to be 556 mg/kg bw, when male and female wistar rats were treated with test chemical through oral gavage.

Executive summary:

Data is available from different studies which were used to review and determine the reproductive toxicity of test chemical. The studies are as mentioned below:

Study 2.

A Combined repeated dose repro-developmental toxicity study was to provide evaluations of general and reproduction/ developmental toxicity endpoints associated with administration of repeated doses of test chemical in Wistar rats. The animals were randomly allocated to the four main groups (13/sex/group) and two recovery groups (5/sex/group). The doses selected for main groups were; 0 (G1-control),308 mg/kg body weight (G2), 556 mg/kg body weight (G3) and 1000 mg/kg body weight (G4) daily for 64 days. The recovery groups G1-R and G4-R were dosed with similar doses of respective main groups.Vehicle corn oil to G1 and G1-R and test item to G2, G3, G4 and G4-R animals were administered by oral gavage route each day during the dosing period. No mortality and morbidity were observed any of the groups of animals throughout the study period. Animals of all dose groups were observed for Clinical signs/ symptoms daily once during the experimental period. No apparent treatment related clinical signs were observed in any of the animals throughout the treatment and recovery period. Detailed clinical examinations like Home cage observation, Handling observation and Open field observation of all animals were observed to be normal during study period. Number of rear, urine pools, fecal bolus in animals of all the test groups of both the sexes was comparable and did not show any treatment related significant difference as compared to the respective control groups. Body weight, percent body weight changes and feed consumption in animals of all the test groups of both the sexes was comparable and did not show any treatment related significant difference as compared to the respective control groups. The sensory reactivity measurements were comparable and no statistically significant changes were revealed in animals of treatment groups in both the sexes. Foot splay and fore limb and hind limb grip strength parameters were comparable and no treatment related changes were revealed in any of the animals of all treated groups as compare to the repective control groups. Motor activity measurements were comparable and no changes were revealed in any of the animals of all treated groups of both the sexes as compared to control group. Estrous cycle was evaluated for checking the regularity during treatment period and in cohabitation for confirmation of pregnancy. No test chemical related changes in estrous cyclicity and precoital interval were observed. There was statistically significant decrease in G3 (556 mg/kg body weight) as compared to control G1 (0 mg/kg body weight). This is not dose dependent hence not considered as treatment related. There was no statistically significant difference between the control and treatment groups in the maternal and pups parameters, except markedly decreased pregnancy index / fertility index in G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight), which was considered to be treatment related. All hematological and clinical chemistry parameters in animals of different treated groups of both the sexes were comparable to their respective control groups. No treatment related changes were observed in any of the treatment groups.  At the end of treatment and recovery period, absolute and relative weight of organs of treated group rats of either sex did not differ significantly when compared to the respective control group rats. External and visceral examination of all male and female rats of control and all treated groups including recovery groups did not reveal any abnormality of pathological significance. Terminally sacrificed pups of all treated groups did not reveal any lesion of pathological significance in any of the group when compared with control group. Pups that died among the control and treated groups during the course of study, revealed various lesions when examined externally and internally but the observations were not considered treatment related. From the patho-morphological results presented, it is concluded that, the treatment of Methyl Phenyl acetate at 308, 556 and 1000 mg/kg body weight in male and female rats did not affect adversely and no alteration of pathological significance was observed in any of the organs including reproductive organs. Lesions observed in liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, aorta, stomach, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, trachea, adrenal gland and reproductive organs of high dose treated group rats are well comparable with respective control group rats and exhibited no dose relationship. Further these observed lesions are common in occurrence in rodents during toxicological studies. Hence, occurrence of these lesions could be considered as spontaneous or incidental in nature and not to be attributed to the administration of the test chemical.Based on all the observations and results, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) is considered to be 1000 mg/kg for parental (P0) generation and 556 mg/kg bw for F1 generation, when male and female wistar rats were treated with test chemical  through oral gavage.

Study 3:

A sub-acute study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of repeated administration of the test chemical in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage. The test chemical was administered to 6 animals/sex/species in Corn oil at doses of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/BW/day for 28 days. All rats in 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day dose group survived throughout the study. The test chemical did not have any effect on mortality. Blood samples for Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology were collected. No abnormalities occurred in these parameters that could be directly attributed to the test chemical. Although significant change in relative weights of liver, ovaries and lungs of female were observed in 1000 mg/kg/ BW/day dose groups. However, these effects were disregarded since, no test chemical related gross pathological or histological changes were seen and findings were not dependent on the test chemical and hence considered to be of no toxicological importance. Thus, the NOEAL for repeated dose toxicity study was considered to be 1000 mg/kg/bw/day in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats when exposed to the test chemical by oral route for 28 days.

Study 4:

A reproductive toxicity screening study was conducted using the male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The Virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats (10/group) were orally administered a vehicle or the test material at 3 dosages for one week prior to a 7-day cohabitation period through gestation, parturition and a 4-day postpartum period, while the males were dosed for a period of 14 days. 10 animals per sex per group were dosed with the dose concentration of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw, while control was dosed with vehicle only. Corn-oil was used as a vehicle. The male animals and dams observed daily for clinical signs and were monitored for mortality, body weight, body weight gain, and food consumption. Reproductive performance was monitored in terms of mating index, fertility index, implantation sites per litter, duration of gestation, gestation index and litter size. The males were sacrificed and necropsied on day 14 while on day 25 of gestation dams were necropsied and examined for gross lesions. Offsprings were observed for external, visceral and other malformations. In observations, at the 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw levels, a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in mortality, clinical symptoms of toxicity was observed. Maternal changes at 250 mg/kg bw included a statistically significant decrease in body weight and body weight gain that was accompanied by a decrease in food consumption. At necropsy gross lesion of the liver and other organs was reported. Mating index was decreased in the 1000 mg/kg bw dose group only. In dams included decreased activity and excess salivation during the pre-gestation period and increased (P less than 0.01) salivation in the high dose group during gestation. Significant (P less than 0.05 to less than 0.01) decreases in body weight and absolute and relative food consumption were measured during the premating period. In pup parameters, significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in pup viability and body weight occurred in the high dose groups compared to controls. However, no gross lesions in pups were attributable to administration of the test material. Therefore, based on all the available observations and results, it was concluded that the parental NOAEL was considered at 250 mg/kg bw and fetal NOAEL was considered to be 500 mg/kg bw for overal study duration of 39 days.

Based on the data available from different studies, test material did not show any reproductive toxicity when male and female rats were treated with test material orally. Thus, according to the criteria of CLP regulation, the test chemical is not likely to classify as reproductive toxicant.

Effect on fertility: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

556 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subchronic

Species:

rat

Quality of whole database:

Data is Klimicsh 2 and from authoritative database

Effect on fertility: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on fertility: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Data is available from different studies which were used to review and determine the reproductive toxicity of testchemical.The studies are as mentioned below:

Study 2.

A Combined repeated dose repro-developmental toxicity study was to provide evaluations of general and reproduction/ developmental toxicity endpoints associated with administration of repeated doses of test chemical in Wistar rats. The animals were randomly allocated to the four main groups (13/sex/group) and two recovery groups (5/sex/group). The doses selected for main groups were; 0 (G1-control),308 mg/kg body weight (G2), 556 mg/kg body weight (G3) and 1000 mg/kg body weight (G4) daily for 64 days. The recovery groups G1-R and G4-R were dosed with similar doses of respective main groups.Vehicle corn oil to G1 and G1-R and test item to G2, G3, G4 and G4-R animals were administered by oral gavage route each day during the dosing period. No mortality and morbidity were observed any of the groups of animals throughout the study period. Animals of all dose groups were observed for Clinical signs/ symptoms daily once during the experimental period. No apparent treatment related clinical signs were observed in any of the animals throughout the treatment and recovery period. Detailed clinical examinations like Home cage observation, Handling observation and Open field observation of all animals were observed to be normal during study period. Number of rear, urine pools, fecal bolus in animals of all the test groups of both the sexes was comparable and did not show any treatment related significant difference as compared to the respective control groups. Body weight, percent body weight changes and feed consumption in animals of all the test groups of both the sexes was comparable and did not show any treatment related significant difference as compared to the respective control groups. The sensory reactivity measurements were comparable and no statistically significant changes were revealed in animals of treatment groups in both the sexes. Foot splay and fore limb and hind limb grip strength parameters were comparable and no treatment related changes were revealed in any of the animals of all treated groups as compare to the repective control groups. Motor activity measurements were comparable and no changes were revealed in any of the animals of all treated groups of both the sexes as compared to control group. Estrous cycle was evaluated for checking the regularity during treatment period and in cohabitation for confirmation of pregnancy. No test chemical related changes in estrous cyclicity and precoital interval were observed. There was statistically significant decrease in G3 (556 mg/kg body weight) as compared to control G1 (0 mg/kg body weight). This is not dose dependent hence not considered as treatment related. There was no statistically significant difference between the control and treatment groups in the maternal and pups parameters, except markedly decreased pregnancy index / fertility index in G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight), which was considered to be treatment related. All hematological and clinical chemistry parameters in animals of different treated groups of both the sexes were comparable to their respective control groups. No treatment related changes were observed in any of the treatment groups.  At the end of treatment and recovery period, absolute and relative weight of organs of treated group rats of either sex did not differ significantly when compared to the respective control group rats. External and visceral examination of all male and female rats of control and all treated groups including recovery groups did not reveal any abnormality of pathological significance. Terminally sacrificed pups of all treated groups did not reveal any lesion of pathological significance in any of the group when compared with control group. Pups that died among the control and treated groups during the course of study, revealed various lesions when examined externally and internally but the observations were not considered treatment related. From the patho-morphological results presented, it is concluded that, the treatment of Methyl Phenyl acetate at 308, 556 and 1000 mg/kg body weight in male and female rats did not affect adversely and no alteration of pathological significance was observed in any of the organs including reproductive organs. Lesions observed in liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, aorta, stomach, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, trachea, adrenal gland and reproductive organs of high dose treated group rats are well comparable with respective control group rats and exhibited no dose relationship. Further these observed lesions are common in occurrence in rodents during toxicological studies. Hence, occurrence of these lesions could be considered as spontaneous or incidental in nature and not to be attributed to the administration of the test chemical.Based on all the observations and results, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) is considered to be 1000 mg/kg for parental (P0) generation and 556 mg/kg bw for F1 generation, when male and female wistar rats were treated with test chemical  through oral gavage.

Study 3:

A sub-acute study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of repeated administration of the test chemical in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage. The test chemical was administered to 6 animals/sex/species in Corn oil at doses of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/BW/day for 28 days. All rats in 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day dose group survived throughout the study. The test chemical did not have any effect on mortality. Blood samples for Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology were collected. No abnormalities occurred in these parameters that could be directly attributed to the test chemical. Although significant change in relative weights of liver, ovaries and lungs of female were observed in 1000 mg/kg/ BW/day dose groups. However, these effects were disregarded since, no test chemical related gross pathological or histological changes were seen and findings were not dependent on the test chemical and hence considered to be of no toxicological importance. Thus, the NOEAL for repeated dose toxicity study was considered to be 1000 mg/kg/bw/day in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats when exposed to the test chemical by oral route for 28 days.

Study 4:

A reproductive toxicity screening study was conducted using the male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The Virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats (10/group) were orally administered a vehicle or the test material at 3 dosages for one week prior to a 7-day cohabitation period through gestation, parturition and a 4-day postpartum period, while the males were dosed for a period of 14 days. 10 animals per sex per group were dosed with the dose concentration of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw, while control was dosed with vehicle only. Corn-oil was used as a vehicle. The male animals and dams observed daily for clinical signs and were monitored for mortality, body weight, body weight gain, and food consumption. Reproductive performance was monitored in terms of mating index, fertility index, implantation sites per litter, duration of gestation, gestation index and litter size. The males were sacrificed and necropsied on day 14 while on day 25 of gestation dams were necropsied and examined for gross lesions. Offsprings were observed for external, visceral and other malformations. In observations, at the 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw levels, a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in mortality, clinical symptoms of toxicity was observed. Maternal changes at 250 mg/kg bw included a statistically significant decrease in body weight and body weight gain that was accompanied by a decrease in food consumption. At necropsy gross lesion of the liver and other organs was reported. Mating index was decreased in the 1000 mg/kg bw dose group only. In dams included decreased activity and excess salivation during the pre-gestation period and increased (P less than 0.01) salivation in the high dose group during gestation. Significant (P less than 0.05 to less than 0.01) decreases in body weight and absolute and relative food consumption were measured during the premating period. In pup parameters, significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in pup viability and body weight occurred in the high dose groups compared to controls. However, no gross lesions in pups were attributable to administration of the test material. Therefore, based on all the available observations and results, it was concluded that the parental NOAEL was considered at 250 mg/kg bw and fetal NOAEL was considered to be 500 mg/kg bw for overal study duration of 39 days.

Based on the data available from different studies, test material did not show any reproductive toxicity when male and female rats were treated with test material orally. Thus, according tothe criteria ofCLP regulation, thetest chemicalis not likely to classify as reproductive toxicant.

Effects on developmental toxicity

Description of key information

Developmental toxicity study

Based on the various developmental toxicity studies available for the test chemical were reviewed to determine the developmental toxicity, it was concluded that the test chemical did not cause developmental toxicity, when rats were treated with test chemical orally. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation test chemical is not likely to classify as reproductive and developmental toxicant.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer-reviewed journal

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

not specified

Route of administration:

oral: unspecified

Details on exposure:

No data available

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Details on mating procedure:

No data available

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Entire course of pregnancy (days 22–23 of gestation)

Frequency of treatment:

Once Daily

Duration of test:

No Data Available

Dose / conc.:

0 mg/kg bw/day

Dose / conc.:

5.35 mg/kg bw/day

Dose / conc.:

53.5 mg/kg bw/day

No. of animals per sex per dose:

0 mg/kg bodyweight : 14–15 female rats
5.35 mg/kg bodyweight: 14–15 female rats
53.5 mg/kg bodyweight: 14–15 female rats

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

No data available

Maternal examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: No data
- Time schedule: No data
- Cage side observations checked in table [No.?] were included. No data

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: No data
- Time schedule: No data

BODY WEIGHT: No data
- Time schedule for examinations:No data

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): No data
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: No data
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No data
- Time schedule for examinations:No data

POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes
- On day 20 of gestation, 6–9 rats from each group were sacrificed and the fetuses removed for examination.
- Organs examined: Fetuses were examined.

OTHER
The remaining animals delivered normally on days 22–23 of gestation.

Ovaries and uterine content:

The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: No data
Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: No data
- Number of corpora lutea: No data
- Number of implantations: No data
- Number of early resorptions: No data
- Number of late resorptions: No data

Fetal examinations:

- External examinations: No data
- Soft tissue examinations: No data
- Skeletal examinations: No data
- Head examinations: No data

Statistics:

No data available

Indices:

No data available

Historical control data:

No data available

Clinical signs:

not specified

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality:

not specified

Body weight and weight changes:

not specified

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

not specified

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not specified

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Immunological findings:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not specified

Gross pathological findings:

not specified

Neuropathological findings:

not specified

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not specified

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Number of abortions:

not specified

Pre- and post-implantation loss:

not specified

Total litter losses by resorption:

not specified

Early or late resorptions:

not specified

Dead fetuses:

not specified

Changes in pregnancy duration:

not specified

Changes in number of pregnant:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

53.5 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: No toxic effects were observed

Remarks on result:

other: No toxic effects were observed

Abnormalities:

not specified

Fetal body weight changes:

not specified

Reduction in number of live offspring:

not specified

Changes in sex ratio:

not specified

Changes in litter size and weights:

no effects observed

Changes in postnatal survival:

no effects observed

External malformations:

not specified

Skeletal malformations:

not specified

Visceral malformations:

not specified

Other effects:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Measurements of general development at birth and at one month following birth revealed no significant differences between test and control animals.

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:

Measurements of offspring bodyweight, size, survival number and general development at birth and at one month following birth revealed no significant differences between test and control animals.

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

53.5 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: Measurements of offspring bodyweight, size, survival number and general development at birth and at one month following birth revealed no significant differences between test and control animals.

Remarks on result:

other: No developmental toxic effects were observed

Abnormalities:

no effects observed

Developmental effects observed:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Conclusions:

Based on all the available data, it was concluded that under the condition of this study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be 53.5 mg/kg bw/day.

Executive summary:

The present study was conducted to determine the developmental toxicity potential of test chemical when administered orally to rats. Groups of 14–15 female rats were orally administered either 0, 5.35 or 53.5 mg/kg body weight test chemical once daily for the entire course of pregnancy. On day 20 of gestation, 6–9 rats from each group were sacrificed and the fetuses removed for examination. The remaining animals delivered normally on days 22–23 of gestation. Measurements of offspring bodyweight, size, survival number and general development at birth and at one month following birth revealed no significant differences between test and control animals. Therefore, Based on all the available data, it was concluded that under the condition of this study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be  53.5 mg/kg bw/day.

Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

53.5 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subchronic

Species:

rat

Quality of whole database:

Data is Klimicsh 2 and from authoritative database

Effect on developmental toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on developmental toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Data available from different studies was reviewed to determine the developmental toxicity of test chemical. The studies are as mentioned below:

Study 1

The present study was conducted to determine the developmental toxicity potential of test chemical when administered orally to rats. Groups of 14–15 female rats were orally administered either 0, 5.35 or 53.5 mg/kg body weight test chemical once daily for the entire course of pregnancy. On day 20 of gestation, 6–9 rats from each group were sacrificed and the fetuses removed for examination. The remaining animals delivered normally on days 22–23 of gestation. Measurements of offspring bodyweight, size, survival number and general development at birth and at one month following birth revealed no significant differences between test and control animals. Therefore, Based on all the available data, it was concluded that under the condition of this study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be  53.5 mg/kg bw/day.

Study 2

A Combined repeated dose repro-developmental toxicity study was to provide evaluations of general and reproduction/ developmental toxicity endpoints associated with administration of repeated doses of test chemical in Wistar rats. The animals were randomly allocated to the four main groups (13/sex/group) and two recovery groups (5/sex/group). The doses selected for main groups were; 0 (G1-control),308 mg/kg body weight (G2), 556 mg/kg body weight (G3) and 1000 mg/kg body weight (G4) daily for 64 days. The recovery groups G1-R and G4-R were dosed with similar doses of respective main groups.Vehicle corn oil to G1 and G1-R and test item to G2, G3, G4 and G4-R animals were administered by oral gavage route each day during the dosing period. No mortality and morbidity were observed any of the groups of animals throughout the study period. Animals of all dose groups were observed for Clinical signs/ symptoms daily once during the experimental period. No apparent treatment related clinical signs were observed in any of the animals throughout the treatment and recovery period. Detailed clinical examinations like Home cage observation, Handling observation and Open field observation of all animals were observed to be normal during study period. Number of rear, urine pools, fecal bolus in animals of all the test groups of both the sexes was comparable and did not show any treatment related significant difference as compared to the respective control groups. Body weight, percent body weight changes and feed consumption in animals of all the test groups of both the sexes was comparable and did not show any treatment related significant difference as compared to the respective control groups. The sensory reactivity measurements were comparable and no statistically significant changes were revealed in animals of treatment groups in both the sexes. Foot splay and fore limb and hind limb grip strength parameters were comparable and no treatment related changes were revealed in any of the animals of all treated groups as compare to the repective control groups. Motor activity measurements were comparable and no changes were revealed in any of the animals of all treated groups of both the sexes as compared to control group. Estrous cycle was evaluated for checking the regularity during treatment period and in cohabitation for confirmation of pregnancy. No test chemical related changes in estrous cyclicity and precoital interval were observed. There was statistically significant decrease in G3 (556 mg/kg body weight) as compared to control G1 (0 mg/kg body weight). This is not dose dependent hence not considered as treatment related. There was no statistically significant difference between the control and treatment groups in the maternal and pups parameters, except markedly decreased pregnancy index / fertility index in G4 (1000 mg/kg body weight), which was considered to be treatment related. All hematological and clinical chemistry parameters in animals of different treated groups of both the sexes were comparable to their respective control groups. No treatment related changes were observed in any of the treatment groups.  At the end of treatment and recovery period, absolute and relative weight of organs of treated group rats of either sex did not differ significantly when compared to the respective control group rats. External and visceral examination of all male and female rats of control and all treated groups including recovery groups did not reveal any abnormality of pathological significance. Terminally sacrificed pups of all treated groups did not reveal any lesion of pathological significance in any of the group when compared with control group. Pups that died among the control and treated groups during the course of study, revealed various lesions when examined externally and internally but the observations were not considered treatment related. From the patho-morphological results presented, it is concluded that, the treatment of Methyl Phenyl acetate at 308, 556 and 1000 mg/kg body weight in male and female rats did not affect adversely and no alteration of pathological significance was observed in any of the organs including reproductive organs. Lesions observed in liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, aorta, stomach, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, trachea, adrenal gland and reproductive organs of high dose treated group rats are well comparable with respective control group rats and exhibited no dose relationship. Further these observed lesions are common in occurrence in rodents during toxicological studies. Hence, occurrence of these lesions could be considered as spontaneous or incidental in nature and not to be attributed to the administration of the test chemical.Based on all the observations and results, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) is considered to be 1000 mg/kg for parental (P0) generation and 556 mg/kg bw for F1 generation, when male and female wistar rats were treated with test chemical  through oral gavage.

Study 3

In a prenatal developmental toxicity study, pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats was orally given with 0, 5, 25 or 250 mg/kg/day of the test chemical on a daily basis for 10 days (day 7-17 of gestation). Decreased weight gain between days 7 and 20 was observed in the presence of decreased food intake at all doses. Developmental effects in the offspring was observed at low and high doses and included decreased ossification of the cranium and tympanic bulla, increased incidence of dilated pelvis/ reduced papilla in kidney, dilated ureter and incidences of hypoplastic/dysplastic kidneys. The observed effects were not dose dependent and thereforeBased on all the available data, it was concluded that the NOAEL of the test chemical in a 10 day study in Sprague-Dawley rats was considered to be 250 mg/kg/day.

Study 4

A prenatal developmental toxicity study of test chemicalwas performed onCrl:COBSCD(SD)BR female rats. The test material was microencapsulated in spray-dried gum Arabic before incorporation into the diet in dose concentration 0, 1000, 3000 or 10,000 ppm (calculated doses were 83, 266 and 799 mg/kg for the respective exposure groups). The concentrations tested were based on a pilot study in which dietary inclusion of up to 9000 ppm test material was well tolerated in pregnant rats and did not result in unacceptable loss of diet palatability. High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analyses were used to validate concentration, homogeneity and stability of test material throughout the study. 28 female rats per dose group were exposed to test material on GDs 6 through 15, In all the animals Feed consumption was measured daily, and body weights were taken on GDs 1, 3, 6 and then on alternate days until necropsy on GD 20, when in utero development of the conceptuses was assessed by determination of litter values and examination of the fetuses for external, soft tissue and skeletal alterations (malformations and variations).No deaths occurred during the study.No obvious clinical signs of toxicity was noted. No effects were observed at 83mg/kg and 266mg/kg dose group . At 799 mg/kg dose group , reduced maternal feed consumption and slight weight loss occurred on treatment days 1 and 2 (GDs 6–7, 7–8). Calculated mean group intake of test material was 0, 83, 266 and 799 mg/kg/day for the pregnant rats in the 0, 1000, 3000 and 10,000 ppm groups, respectively. Mean values for embryo-fetal loss, litter sizes, sex ratios were equivalent in control and test group also the mean fetal body weights, was equivalent in control and test groups.The number, type and distribution of fetal malformations, anomalies and skeletal variations also were unaffected by maternal exposure to test material at concentrationsas high as 10,000 ppm (799 mg/kg/day), although at799mg/kg dose group there was a possible marginal delay in fetal ossification(a slightly higher incidence of fetuses with incomplete ossification of some sites, such as the sacro-caudal vertebral arches). HenceNo Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for maternal and developmental toxicity was considered to be 799 mg/kg. When femalerats were treated withtest material by orally for GDs 6 through 15.

Thus, based on the data available, it was concluded that the test chemical did not cause developmental toxicity when rats were treated with orally. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulationtest chemicalis not likely to classify as reproductive and developmental toxicant.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on all the available data, it was concluded that the test chemical did not cause adverse effects in both reproductive and developmental parameters and therefore comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, the test chemical is not likely to classify as reproductive and developmental toxicant.