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EC number: - | CAS number: -
Sediment toxicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sediment toxicity: long-term
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- Due to the similar chemical structure or properties, a read-across is selected for the determination for the sediment toxity
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
Reference
- Endpoint:
- sediment toxicity: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Already evaluated by the Competent Authorities for Biocides and Existing Substance Regulations.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 218 (Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Test Using Spiked Sediment)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- other: see freetext
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- At T0 and Tend
- Details on sediment and application:
- first type of sediments tested was Laboratory Formulated Sediments.
Field collected Natural Sediment: collected at 5 Belgian sites (Brakel site, Kraenepoel 1 and 2, IJzer and Leuven) and cleaned by hand sorting or press sieving.
Spiked sediments were stabilized/ equilibrated for 8-11 days befor test initiation - Test organisms (species):
- other: Tubifex tubifex, Hyallela azteca, Chironomus riparius, Lumbriculus variegatus, Gammarus pulex
- Details on test organisms:
- Origin: in house cultures
T. tubifex: adult organisms; H. azteca: 7 days old juveniles; C. riparius: 48h old larvae; L. variegatus: adult organisms with complete regeneration of tail or head (4-5 cm length), G. pulex: 21 days old juveniles - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Type of sediment:
- natural sediment
- Limit test:
- no
- Exposure phase:
- total exposure duration
- Remarks:
- 28-35 days, depending on the test organism
- Hardness:
- 192-227 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- T. tubifex, H. azteca and L. variegatus: 23 +/- 2°C
C. riparius: 20 +/- 2°C
G. pulex: 15 +/- 2°C - pH:
- range 7.2-7.8
- Ammonia:
- range: 0.2-1.4
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measured
- Details on test conditions:
- 16:8 light dark photoperiod
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 138.5 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival
- Remarks on result:
- other: T. tubifex; artificial OECD substrate: AVS 0.05 mmol/kg; OC 2.62%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 78.3 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: T. tubifex; Artif. OECD subs: AVS 0.05 mmol/kg, OC 2.62%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 78.3 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: T. tubifex; Artif. OECD subs: AVS 0.05 mmol/kg, OC 2.62%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 580.9 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival
- Remarks on result:
- other: T. tubifex; Artif. OECD substrate: AVS 0.59 mmol/kg, OC 9.81%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 580.9 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: T. tubifex; Artif. OECD subs: AVS 0.59 mmol/kg, OC 9.81%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 580.9 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: T. tubifex; Artif. OECD subs: AVS 0.59 mmol/kg, OC 9.81%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 54 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival
- Remarks on result:
- other: T. tubifex; Natural Brakel sediment: AVS 0.27 mmol/kg; OC 2.83%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 18.3 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: T. tubifex; Natural Brakel sediment: AVS 0.27 mmol/kg; OC 2.83%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 18.3 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: T. tubifex; Natural Brakel sediment: AVS 0.27 mmol/kg; OC 2.83%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 95.3 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival
- Remarks on result:
- other: T. tubifex; Natural Kraenepoel 1 sediment: AVS 0.28 mmol/kg; OC 2.12%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 56.1 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: T. tubifex; Natural Kraenepoel 1 sediment: AVS 0.28 mmol/kg; OC 2.12%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32.2 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: T. tubifex; Natural Kraenepoel 1 sediment: AVS 0.28 mmol/kg; OC 2.12%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 98.3 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: T. tubifex; Natural Kraenepoel 2 sediment: AVS 0.10 mmol/kg; OC 1.96%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 53 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: T. tubifex; Natural Kraenepoel 2 sediment: AVS 0.10 mmol/kg; OC 1.96%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 53.2 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hyalella azteca; Artificial OECD substrate: AVS 0.05 mmol/kg; OC 2.62%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 337.6 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- other:
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hyalella azteca; Artificial OECD substrate: AVS 0.27 mmol/kg; OC 9.66%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 538.6 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hyalella azteca; Artificial OECD substrate: AVS 0.27 mmol/kg; OC 9.66%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 171 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hyalella azteca; Natural Brakel sediment: AVS 0.18 mmol/kg; OC 2.83%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 141 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hyalella azteca; Natural Kraenepoel 1 sediment: AVS 0.28 mmol/kg; OC 2.12%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 21.8 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hyalella azteca; Natural Kraenepoel 1 sediment: AVS 0.28 mmol/kg; OC 2.12%
- Details on results:
- Part 1 of the results. Other results see 'WOE, FW, De Schamphelaere, 2005 -- Part 2'.
Only the NOEC values used for the PNEC derivation are shown (with AVS <0.77 µmol/g). - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Logistic model, Mann-Whitney U test.
Statistica 6.0 software was used for all statistics. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Good quality study. The reliable NOEC data and the organic carbon normalizattion were used for the PNEC derivation.
- Executive summary:
Acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and organic carbon (OC) reduce chronic toxicity of Cu to benthic organisms. This is demonstrated by the general pattern of increased effect concentrations at higher AVS and higher OC levels in artificial sediments, and also by the higher effect concentrations in natural sediments with high AVS/highOC vs. low AVS/low OC.
The effect of AVS is difficult to interpret due to copper-specific analytical artefacts of the SEM/AVS extraction procedure, co-occurrence of Cu(II)S and Cu(I)2S, and potential bioturbation, which was not always measured. Only low AVS data are therefore considered for the PNEC.
Organic carbon is almost linearly nearly proportional to the effect concentrations : increasing NOECs with increasing OC content in artificial sediments. In general, after normalizing the NOECs for organic carbon, the variability in effect concentrations in artificial sediment was reduced from an average of factor 4.0-7.2 (cross-species) to an average of factor 1.5-1.8 (cross-species). There is no consistent trend (across endpoints or organisms) that OC-normalized copper toxicity in natural sediments is different than in artificial sediments. That means, the Cu-binding capacity of natural organic carbon is not consistently lower or higher than that of artificial organic carbon. The differences among natural sediments concerning the toxicity reducing capacity of OC are relatively minor in most cases, i.e. either within the experimental variability or a difference of less than a factor of 2. The remaining uncertainty (variability) among natural sediments may be related to less important bioavailability modifying parameters which were not yet considered (e.g. pH).
see Executive summary
Data source
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 218 (Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Test Using Spiked Sediment)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- copper zinc trihydroxide nitrate
- Molecular formula:
- CuZn(OH)3NO3
- IUPAC Name:
- copper zinc trihydroxide nitrate
- Test material form:
- solid
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 138.5 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 78.3 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 78.3 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 580.9 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 580.9 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 580.9 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 54 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 18.3 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 95.3 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 56.1 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 96.3 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 53 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 53.2 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 337.6 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- other: n.a.
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 538.6 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 171 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 141 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 21.8 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Good quality study. The reliable NOEC data and the organic carbon normalizattion were used for the PNEC derivation.
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